Cover Profile - Daniel and Claire Kübler

Article by Alysen Miller

At first glance, Upper Lambourn may appear to have little in common with Revolutionary France. It was in Paris’s 4th Arrondissement that, during the heady days of the French First Republic, science’s first power couple, Marie-Anne Pierrette Paulze and Antoine Lavoisier, constructed a state-of-the-art chemistry laboratory at the Arsenal,  on the edge of the eastern part of the Marais.  This enabled the husband and wife team to make a number of discoveries that were central to the so-called Chemical Revolution – the name given to the reformulation of chemistry during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, culminating in the law of conservation of mass and the oxygen theory of combustion.

Two centuries later, another husband and wife team is quietly conducting their own scientific revolution in the Valley of the Racehorse. Far from the atmosphere of roiling social unrest, political protests and food riots that characterised late eighteenth century Europe, Claire and Daniel Kübler have embraced a scientific approach to training racehorses. 

The couple uses the latest in cutting-edge technology including genotyping, stride analysis and biometrics to inform their approach. While the Kübler’s are certainly not the only operation to have embraced the science behind the sport, they were among its earliest adaptors. 

In an industry that often seems to struggle with the weight of its own traditions, where having the right bloodlines can appear to be as important for its human as its equine participants, it has proved advantageous that Daniel is able to look at the sport with somewhat fresh eyes. “I’ve always come at the sport as a complete outsider. I’ve got no family connection to it whatsoever,” he says. “My mindset is always to question, ‘How could you do this differently?’ I naturally want to find better or more efficient ways of doing things.

“From when I first worked in a racing yard when I was 19 years old I was like, ‘OK, well, why do they do it like this?’” he continues. “I think there are a lot of practices within racing that make good sense but people don’t necessarily understand why they work.” Daniel and Claire have made it their mission to understand this why and use their findings to improve outcomes for the horses in their charge, both in terms of performance and welfare; using this information to develop a routine that produces not just fast horses but sound ones. 

“A lot of horses are compromised in their ability to go fast because they’re not totally sound,” notes Daniel. “And a lot of those problems occur in their development or early on in their racing careers.”

“We’re always looking out for different research,” adds Claire, rattling off a plethora of hot-off-the-press studies including a research paper from Japan that found that horses don’t reach their top speed until they’re 4-and-a-half years old, and a new study from America on bone density. “It’s fascinating to have access to all that information and then think, ‘How can we apply that to our horses here at home?’” she adds.

Since becoming the first husband and wife joint licence holders in 2020, this approach has borne fruit. At time of writing, the Küblers have an 18% strike rate for the current season – putting them ahead, in percentage terms, of considerably larger operations with more purchasing power. With 43 horses in training, the Küblers are able to implement a bespoke approach: “We tailor everything for each horse, whether it’s their feeding regime or the treatments that they have with the physiotherapist. It’s all individualised,” says Claire.

Claire and Daniel were introduced by Ed Sackville. (Trust a bloodstock agent to make a good matchmaker.) She won him over by cooking lasagne. Little did he know at the time that it was the only dish she could cook. (“That’s why you need more than one data point to make a decision,” he quips.) 

Happily, Claire is rather more adept behind a computer screen than she is behind a stove. “Claire is exceptional at detail and being able to process a lot of information,” says Daniel.

“I’m very analytical,” agrees Claire. “I will always challenge stuff. I don’t accept something just because that’s the way it’s always been done. And I love going into detail. So I can dive into it and pull it apart and then take a step back and go, ‘OK, that was not worth it;’ or, ‘Actually, we’re onto something here.’”

“And that’s probably where we complement each other,” adds Daniel. “I’m a bit more of a creative [type].”

“I think we’re very lucky in that we both have the same values and we care about the same things. We’re both driven in very similar ways,” concludes Claire. “And horses are front and centre of that.”

The Kübler model is based on the three pillars of Horsemanship, Science and TeamWork. Or perhaps it’s more of a Venn diagram, given that Claire and Daniel clearly regard these concepts as very much overlapping: “I guess it all goes back to ‘happy people make for happy horses,’” says Daniel, noting that Claire hates the tweeness of the aphorism. “That’s the foundation of the whole thing. It’s about giving people the skills.”

Claire’s previous career as a forensic accountant for PricewaterhouseCoopers has given her an appreciation for on-the-job training and development: “I was [there] for four years and their management and development programmes were incredible,” she says. “Coming into a racing yard, I was pretty shocked at the lack of opportunities to develop and the lack of programmes in place. Even if you had the enthusiasm to learn more, there weren’t really any pathways to follow.” 

That was a lacuna the Küblers were keen to fill when they started training. To that end, they recruited ex-jockey Mark Lawson to provide one-on-one coaching to their less experienced riders. “Everyone wants to be good at their job,” she says. “[Riding work] is a real skill that there’s a shortage of in the industry. When you’re doing those fast pieces of work, it’s about actually being able to hold the horse together in a balanced way and then teach the horse to lengthen. That comes from a huge skillset. Many people can’t do that, or they certainly aren’t balanced while they’re trying to do it,” she continues.

“It’s about giving people the skills,” adds Daniel. “For us, that horsemanship starts with trying to create a good environment – and that’s the physical environment and the mental environment. Hopefully the [riders] are happy and then that transfers into the horses.” 

After a summer in which equestrian sport in general has come under renewed scrutiny following the dishonourable discharge of dressage rider Charlotte Dujardin from Team GB’s Olympic team following the emergence of a compromising video, the Küblers are refreshingly candid about their responsibility, as trainers, to safeguard the welfare of the animals in their charge.

“You have to not lose sight of the fact that you’re still working with a horse that doesn’t choose to do what we’re asking of it. And we should always be asking it, not forcing it,” emphasises Daniel. 

“Love for the horse is the number one reason we all turn up every day and why we do it,” adds Claire. “We can always keep learning. And we include everyone in that. If there’s some idea that [a member of the team] has about something that we could do better for the horses, we want them to tell us so that we can give the horses the best experience whilst they’re here. It’s bringing that horsemanship together with the science. You do that through people.”

This intersection of horses, science and people informed the design of their yard, Sarsen Farm. “The primary driver when we were designing it was how we could build it so it’s as healthy as possible for the horses and staff, both physically but also mentally,” says Daniel.

“It was nice to design it and then build it exactly how we wanted, taking into account all those things you pick up along the way in your career, whether it’s in California or Australia or in the UK,” continues Claire.

“You learn as you go along, working in lots of different yards and seeing where the horses are happy and where they aren’t so happy, and the reasons behind that. You take pieces from each one,” agrees Daniel. 

Since then, the operation has consistently turned out winners. Notably, Daniel and Claire have established a reputation for rejuvenating older horses. Their flag bearer is Astro King. 

Having come to the Küblers as a 6-year-old, the 36,000gns purchase from the Tattersalls Autumn Horses-In-Training Sale has since netted connections more than a quarter of a million pounds in prize money, including £103,080 when landing last year’s bet365 Cambridgeshire, becoming the first topweight since the turn of the century to do so in the process. 

He was campaigned in the lucrative Middle Eastern races over the winter, finishing an arguably unlucky sixth in November’s $1 million Bahrain International Trophy. Not to be outdone, stablemate Andaleep, who was also 6 years old and rated 65 when he joined the operation, struck on his first start for the yard and has since accumulated more than £200,000 in prize money. 

At that age, the horse is not developing physically. Any improvement in performance is therefore attributable to placing and training. “It’s about using the stride information and what you know about the horse to place them in the right races at the right tracks,” says Claire. Percy’s Lad is another horse who is demonstrative of this approach. The £30,000 horses-in-training purchase has established himself as something of a Chester specialist, winning at the May Festival this year to take his career winnings close to £100,000.

But the Küblers are keen to emphasise that it is not only older horses that can benefit from their data-driven approach. “We’ve embraced genetic testing,” says Claire. Since equine geneticist Dr Emmeline Hill discovered the “speed gene” in Thoroughbreds – the first known characterisation of a gene contributing to a specific athletic trait in sport horses – the discovery has had a transformative effect on global breeding and training industries. 

Genetic testing of the muscle genome allows the trainer to distinguish between fast-twitched (speed) and slow-twitched (stamina) horses to make informed decisions about their future trip. “It’s about 80% accurate in terms of the correlation between the muscle genome type and what trip the horse wants,” Claire explains. 

“It’s not going to give you all the answers but it can certainly form part of your decision making process. Racing is about statistics and probabilities and trying to get the probabilities in your favour. So if you can bring in something like that genome testing, it can help guide you,” she says.

The Kubler’s also utilise blue light technology, the science behind which was developed by Professor Barbara Murphy at University College Dublin. Pictured on Andaleep, the blue light mask strengthens a horse’s circadian rhythms, naturally stimulating seasonal hormones that improve coat condition, muscle development and overall well-being.

The next stage is bio-banding - the concept of grouping athletes based on attributes associated with growth and maturation, rather than chronological age. The method is widely used in human sport to identify future elite athletes that may be late maturers and using this information to train them according to where they are on their growth curve. 

“Horses are no different,” says Daniel. “We’re just operating on slightly different timescales. It would be very easy to say that this horse is no good, but in reality it just needs more time.” To this end, the Küblers take x-rays of each horse’s knees and use this to determine when that horse starts its speed work based on whether the growth plates have closed. 

Growth plates are areas of cartilage located near the ends of bones, and are the last portion of the bone to harden. “[That’s why] we look at the knees – because that’s actually quite a fragile joint in a racehorse. So you want to make sure that knee joint is mature and ready for that force to go through it,” says Claire. 

Limb ground reaction force increases with speed and can be up to 14.0 N kg−1 on a single leg at a full gallop. “There’s not really any point in going really hard with a physically immature horse that’s still going to have a lot of physical development. There is a risk,” adds Daniel.

So what is next for racing’s power couple? “Still our biggest shop window is success on the track. We’ve had a taste of taking horses right up to competing at pretty high levels now, and that’s where you want to be more consistently,” says Daniel. “Some of that’s about finding people who are willing to invest. We’ve found good horses for relatively modest budgets but you need bigger budgets to be able to do it more consistently. Hopefully by showing that [we’ve] been able to do it with other people’s cast offs or cheaper yearlings, that will attract that next level of investment.” 

“It’s about building on those foundations but does take time,” adds Claire. “It’s not going to happen overnight. We just keep believing in that process.”

Fuelling the racehorse - time for a paradigm shift!

Article by Dr Katie Williams

What does it take for received wisdom to be overturned and new approaches adopted? Revelatory research findings? Social demand for change? Both could actually result in a change to the way racehorses are fed today as welfare and sustainability in equestrian sport are increasingly scrutinised and researchers find ways to feed and manage horses more sympathetically and sustainably. 

Can we feed a racehorse more sympathetically - evolutionary considerations 

The horse is a herbivore and as soon as we prevent them eating as they have evolved to do, there are repercussions for their health and well-being. The increasing frequency with which ulcers are being diagnosed may account for why the recommendations for the minimal amount of forage a horse requires has increased in recent years. Rendle et al. (2020) cite 1.5% of bodyweight on a dry matter basis which is the level most equine nutritionists would advocate for the long-term health of the horse. 

The glandular region of the horse’s stomach contains glands that secrete hydrochloric acid, pepsin, bicarbonate and mucus. The stomach secretes acid continuously; as the horse is a trickle feeder it has evolved to do so continuously and it is important to note that this process continues even when the horse isn’t eating. This is why periods of more than 6 hours without access to forage are a risk factor for ulcers. The volume of secretion has been shown to be around 1.5l of gastric juice per hour although this does vary at different times during the day. Consuming too little fibre and eating materials that are high in starch, means acidity levels increase in the stomach. This not only increases the risk of ulcers but also changes the environment in the stomach sufficiently to impact the microbes that live there. Microbial dysbiosis in the stomach is increasingly being linked to an increased risk of gastric disease, particularly in the glandular region which is now recognised as an inflammatory disease rather than an ulcerative one.   

There are other potential health issues to consider too. It has been shown in trials in mice for example, that a low fibre diet increases the permeability of the gut – a phenomenon known as leaky-gut syndrome. When fibre is fermented in the hind gut, one of the volatile fatty acids produced is butyrate and this is the energy used by the colonocytes (gut cells) themselves. Insufficient fibre and therefore butyrate, can compromise the health of the cells creating bigger gaps between them which allows contents of the gut that shouldn’t pass through, to do so. The racehorse is repeatedly exposed to new and different environments when travelling to different racecourses and encounters pathogens they might have no previous immunity to. Their reduced defensive barriers in the gut mean they are more vulnerable to these pathogens which can result in digestive upsets.  

So can more fibre be fed without compromising performance? 

Researchers at the Lab to Field research centre in Dijon, France believe so.  In work funded by the French government and published in Frontiers in Physiology, they found that Standardbred horses in training fed a third of their total ration as alfalfa with just 7% oats, performed comparably with those fed 33% oats (the remainder of the diet was hay). The horses were monitored over an 8 week period rather than just in a one-off standardised exercise test (SET). The replacement of a significant proportion of oats with alfalfa had no detrimental effects on performance or muscle tone and in fact, altered energy metabolism in such a way as to potentially improve performance and recovery the authors suggest (Martin et al., 2023). Studies back in the early 2000s (Nadeua et al, 2000; Lybbert et al, 2007) showed that alfalfa was more beneficial for horses with ulcers compared to grass forages because it helps counter the increased acidity that occurs when feeding cereals. This latest study suggests that alfalfa can actually replace a significant proportion of the cereals as an energy source too. 

The prevalence of gastric ulcers means it is an issue that needs to be addressed especially when viewed in the context of equine welfare in sport. Two recent studies have again shown how alfalfa has a key role to play in this regard too. The Lab to Field research group demonstrated that clinical success with horses with EGGD was 47.7 times more likely in horses fed alfalfa pellets as part of their ration compared to those on concentrate only rations (Julliand et al., 2023). 

In addition, a study published in 2024 showed that a combination of alfalfa, sugar beet and cereal fibre fed alongside the existing ration, aided the reduction in recurrence of gastric ulcers when fed during the healing and post-medication periods. This is key for when ulcer medication is stopped and the recognised rebound increase in acid production can occur (Menzies-Gow and Shurlock, 2024). 

A key point from these studies is that the quality of fibre matters. Alfalfa and sugar beet both contain higher proportions of digestible fibre such as pectin and hemi-cellulose, rather than indigestible fibrous elements such as lignin. This means they aren’t sitting in the gut for so long but they are being digested and utilised as an energy source. If fed in chopped forms they help to increase the amount of chewing the horse does and more chew time might actually be a relatively simple step in the right direction from a welfare perspective. The pros and cons of turning out racehorses have been widely debated but for those where it isn’t (currently) practical, it is surely a positive action to at least provide the horse with high fibre materials to eat when stabled, especially when it isn’t having a negative impact on their performance.

Dispelling Myths - Facts about Fibre

How much sugar does sugar beet contain?

The pulp fed to horses is actually really low in sugar – less than 5% assuming no molasses has been added back in. This is because the sugar has been extracted for use in the human food industry and the fibrous pulp is used for animal feed. 

Why does alfalfa contain more calcium than grass forages? 

Alfalfa has really deep roots – about 3 to 4 metres – and the calcium at this depth in the soil is more available for absorption. This means that alfalfa plants can take up more calcium than grass – chopped alfalfa contains between 30 - 50% more calcium than grass forages. Early studies suggest that omeprazole is reducing calcium absorption in the horse as is seen in humans and in Swanhall et al’s (2018) study, they recommend using bio-available calcium sources in the diet to help counteract this effect. Plant based sources of calcium such as alfalfa are much easier for the horse to absorb than inorganic sources such as limestone flour. 

Why is alfalfa so low in starch?

Like other plants alfalfa makes sugar when photosynthesising but it stores any surplus sugar as starch in its roots – the part that horses don’t eat! Grass plants tend to store sugar as fructan in leaves and the stem which is why they supply the horse with more sugar. 

What contribution can forage make to a racehorse’s requirements? 

Remember that grass-based forages contain sugar, both simple sugar (glucose, fructose etc) and as water soluble carbohydrates or storage sugars (fructan). 10kgs of hay can provide around 1kg of simple sugar and in the region of 2-2.5kgs of storage sugar. This supplies around 20% of the energy required by a 500kgs horse in intense training. Additionally, forage provides energy from the fibre it contains and so overall, including the contribution from sugar, 10kgs of hay would supply around 60-70% of the horse’s energy needs depending on the quality of the forage. 

Earlier cut forages tend to be more digestible and therefore supply more energy. These tend to be the wrapped forages in the UK and other wetter and colder European countries as there just aren’t long enough periods of dry weather to make good hay very often. Why is this significant? The way forages are conserved has changed over the years so now, a more accurate description of many forages previously defined as haylages, would be ‘wrapped hay’ as they are often very dry which has meant that little or no fermentation has occurred. This means the levels of acidity are no different to a normal hay which can be seen from the analysis results in table 1. Using lactic acid levels as a marker of acidity levels shows that most of the wrapped forages analysed in the UK are too dry for fermentation to occur and so the level of acidity is no different to hay. 

Concern about using a true haylage for horses with ulcers relates to the increased acidity from the fermentation that occurs. Clearly this doesn’t apply if the forage hasn’t fermented and so a wrapped hay may well be a really useful option for a horse with ulcers. They tend to be more palatable and softer than hay. It is important to know the level of acidity before making the decision to use a wrapped forage and having it analysed is therefore advisable. 

So if the paradigm shift happens, what will a racehorse’s diet look like in years to come? 

The basis would be a good early, cut wrapped hay. The daily bucket feed would consist of 1-2kgs of oats with 1.5kgs of alfalfa pellets, 1.5kgs of chopped alfalfa and 0.5kgs of soaked sugar beet. The chopped alfalfa  contributes to the horse’s overall forage requirement so if the dry matter of the wrapped hay is around 75%, a 500kgs horse would need a minimum of 8kgs per day to supply 6kgs of additional fibre on a dry matter basis. 

Key takeaways 

• ESGD risk factors are well established and include too little fibre and too much starch 

• Feeding at least 1.5% of bodyweight on a dry matter basis is the minimum amount of forage required for long term gastric and digestive health

• Wrapped hays that have not fermented and so are no more acidic than hay are also appropriate to use for horses with ulcers

• EGGD is still not fully understood but increasingly it is acknowledged by researchers that stress is a key contributing factor

• Studies have shown alfalfa to be beneficial as an alternative energy source compared to cereals for horses in training

References 

Julliand et al (2023) Effect of diet composition on glandular gastric disease in horses. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine

Lybbert et al (2007), Proceedings of Annual Convention of the AAEP, Orlando, Florida, 2007. 

Martin et al (2023) Effect of high-starch or high-fibre diets on the energy metabolism and physical performance of horses during an 8-week training period. Front. Physiol. 14:1213032. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1213032

Menzies-Gow and Shurlock (2024) The effect of feeding a commercial feedstuff on equine gastric squamous disease. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science. 133. 

Muller and Uden (2007) Preference of horses for grass conserved as hay, haylage or silage. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 132, (1-2) 66-78

Nadeau et al (2000) Evaluation of diet as a cause of gastric ulcers in horses. American Journal of Veterinary Research. Jul;61(7):784-90.

Pratt et al, (2022) Assessment of agreement using the equine glandular gastric disease grading system in 84 cases. Veterinary Medicine Science, 8 (4) 1472-1477doi: 10.1002/vms3.807

Swanhall et al (2018) Mineral and Vitamin Supplementation Including Marine Derived Calcium Increases Bone Density in Thoroughbreds. Proceedings of the Australasian Equine Science Symposium

Have horse will travel - this quarter we focus on opportunities in Dubai, Saudi Arabia, Qatar and Hong Kong

Article by Lissa Oliver

Hong Kong

While the celebrated Champions Day and Longines International races attract plenty of attention globally, all 31 Group races run in Hong Kong are open to overseas entries and include x12 established Group 1 contests, x7 Group 2 and x12 Group 3 races. 

Prize money for Group 1 races ranges from HK$13 million (€1.5m/£1.3m) to HK$40 million (€4.6m/£3.84m), while Group 2 races are worth HK$5.35 million (€622,000/£530,000), and Group 3 races offer HK$4.2 million (€493,000/£420,000). The Group 1 contests include prize money down to sixth place and all are open to three-year-olds and up and run on Turf at Sha Tin. 

The Triple Crown includes a bonus of €1.1m/£1m to be paid to the owner of the horse that wins all three legs of the Triple Crown. The opportunity opens with the 1600m (8f) Stewards Cup worth €1.48m/£1.2m, Sunday 19th January 2025. Free entries for international runners close 25th December and supplementary entries close 16th January 2025.

The second leg of the Triple Crown is the Hong Kong Gold Cup on Sunday 23rd February 2025 over 2000m (10f), worth €1.48m/£1.2m. Free entries close 27th January 2025 and supplementary entries close 11th February 2025.

The final leg of the Triple Crown is on Sunday 25th May 2025, the 2400m (12f) Champions & Chater Cup, with a purse of €1.48m/£1.2m. Free entries close 27th April 2025 and supplementary entries close 11th May 2025.

Another bonus available is for the winning horse of all three legs of the Hong Kong Speed Series. Sunday 19th January 2025 sees the 1200m (6f) Centenary Sprint Cup, the first leg of the Hong Kong Speed Series, worth €1.48m/£1.2m, with free entries closing 30th December 2024 and supplementary entries closing 13th January 2025. A bonus of €580,000/£500,000 will be paid to the owner of the horse that wins all three legs of the Hong Kong Speed Series.

Sunday 23rd February 2025 is the 1400m (7f) Queen’s Silver Jubilee Cup, the second leg of the Hong Kong Speed Series, carrying prize money of €1.48m/£1.2m. Free entries close 30th January 2025 and supplementary entries close 16th February 2025.

The 1200m (6f) Chairman’s Sprint Prize is the final leg of the Hong Kong Speed Series, worth €2.5m/£2.2m, run on Sunday 27th April 2025, free entries closing 16th March 2025 and supplementary entries closing 6th April 2025.

The Hong Kong feature event is the Longines Hong Kong International Races on Sunday 8th December, billed as the epitome of elegance and speed, featuring elite jockeys and the world’s best horses. As well as four Group One races on the day, racegoers can enjoy a variety show, live music, exquisite cuisine and a vibrant party atmosphere. Free entries for the major races on the day close 21st October and supplementary entry closes 18th November at €27,804/£23,690.

The four Group 1 races are the €2.78m/£2.31m Hong Kong Vase over 2400m (12f); the €3.01m/£2.51m 1200m (6f) Hong Kong Sprint; the €4.17m/£3.48m 1600m (8f) Hong Kong Mile; and the €4.63m/£3.86m 2000m (10f) Hong Kong Cup.

Sunday 27th April 2025 sees FWD Champions Day, one of Hong Kong’s most popular sports events. Featuring three prestigious Group 1 races on the day, free entries closing 16th March 2025 and supplementary entries closing 6th April 2025, it provides local racing fans with the chance to see how the city’s top horses shape up against their overseas counterparts.

The 1600m (8f) Champions Mile is worth €2.76m/£2.3m; the 2000m (10f) QEII Cup is worth €3.2m/£2.7m; and the aforementioned 1200m (6f) Chairman’s Sprint Prize is the final leg of the Hong Kong Speed Series.

The Hong Kong Jockey Club offers shipping incentives to selected overseas horses for the seven feature Group 1 races (Longines Hong Kong Cup, Longines Hong Kong Mile, Longines Hong Kong Sprint, Longines Hong Kong Vase, FWD QEII Cup, FWD Champions Mile and Chairman’s Sprint Prize). The Quarantine Stables are located at Sha Tin Racecourse, 45 minutes from Hong Kong International Airport.

The stable blocks are temperature controlled, with rubber flooring throughout and monitored by closed circuit television. Each stable is equipped with a feed manger and tie up ring. 

The isolation stables compound includes rubberised horse walkers, sand rolls, weighing scales, wash bays, ice machines, freezers and an all-weather arena. Paper strips and shavings are available for bedding. 

The Club imports feed from Australia, China, New Zealand, South Africa, the UK and the USA, and large selections of proprietary feeds are also available. The Club has excellent stocks of Timothy Hay, Lucerne Hay and Chaffs. Importation of feed and water, subject to examination, is permitted, however the import of plant material such as hay and chaff is subject to a valid Phytosanitary Certificate issued by the exporting country. 

Connections of selected overseas horses for Hong Kong’s seven feature Group 1 races will enjoy travel and accommodation packages provided by the Hong Kong Jockey Club, two tickets each for the owner and trainer and one ticket for the jockey. Four nights hotel accommodation (room only) will be provided for a maximum of two persons per category at the Club’s selected hotel. All airport and racecourse transfers are also included.

For staff, a maximum of two persons per horse will also be provided with accommodation (one room each) at the Club’s selected hotel in Sha Tin for the normal duration of the trip. A predetermined daily allowance to cover in-house expenses such as food and beverages, transport, telephone and internet, as well as laundry, will also be provided. All airport, stabling facilities and racecourse transfers are also included.

For those visiting, the five-star Hyatt Regency at Sha Tin provides an urban resort with a luxury spa, adjacent to the University MTR Station in Sha Tin, with lush greenery only steps away from busy urban areas.

Dubai

The Dubai Racing Carnival, now in its 20th year and given a new look for last year’s season, opens in November at Meydan Racecourse. Alongside top-class racing, Meydan boasts five-star dining and live entertainment and is 15 minutes from Dubai’s central hub. The racecourse offers tailored hospitality packages at the restaurants, lounges and private suites, all with elevated views of the racing. The climate is also described as “pleasant” during the winter season.

Home of the €28.1m (£24m) Dubai World Cup meeting, Meydan is the world’s largest integrated racing facility and hosts 15 meetings throughout the season, concluding in early April with the Dubai World Cup, the highlight of Dubai’s sporting and social calendar.

There are a number of valuable opportunities all season, beginning in November with the €125,600 (£106,912) Listed Dubai Creek Mile on dirt for three-year-olds up. January is busy, with 11 black type races from 1000m (5f) up to 2810m (14f) and ranging from €125,600 (£106,912) for Listed up to €213,489 (£181,719) for Group 2s and €924,282 (£786,662) for the Group 1 Al Maktoum Challenge, 1900m (9f) on dirt. On turf, the Group 1 Jebel Hatta, 1800m (9f) carries a purse of €464,658 (£395,469).

The 2025 Carnival sees the introduction of The Dubai World Cup bonus scheme, which offers a total prize pool of €3.5m (£2.9m) across 10 races. Winners of these races will get automatic entry to Dubai World Cup night. 

An additional 10% bonus is awarded to horses that win both the qualifying race, and the corresponding race on Dubai World Cup night. 

The scheme has been created to encourage more owners and trainers to prepare their horses in Dubai ahead of the Dubai World Cup.

Fifteen black type races from Listed up to Group 2 are run at Meydan during February and March, again from 1000m (5f) to 2810m (14f) and with similar valuable prizes, all of which lead through to the end-of-season highlight of Dubai World Cup night.

The Group 1 Dubai World Cup itself will be run a week later than normal next year on April 5th and the feature race will be worth €10.7m (£8.9m) 

The highlights of the supporting card’s Group 1s are the 1200m (6f) Al Quoz Sprint on turf worth €1.4m (£1.2m), the 1200m (6f) Dubai Golden Shaheen on dirt worth €1.8m (£1.6m), the 1800m (9f) Dubai Turf worth €4.6m (£3.9m), and the 2410m (12f) Dubai Sheema Classic on turf worth €5.5m (£4.7m).

In 2025 the UAE Derby, worth €900k (£745k), will form the final leg of the revised Euro/Mideast Road to the Kentucky Derby. The winner of the race will get an automatic spot in the starting gate at Churchill Downs on the first Saturday in May - subject to the horse being nominated to the U.S Triple Crown series.

Elsewhere in the UAE, the Abu Dhabi Equestrian Club hosts the Listed 1600m (8f) Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan National Day Cup in December, and the Listed 1400m (7f) HH The President Cup, both on turf with a prize of €95,443 (£81,242) each. Jebel Ali Racecourse hosts the Listed Jebel Ali Sprint, the third leg of the Emirates Sprint Series, 1000m (5f) on dirt for a prize of €125,600 (£106,912), and the Group 3 Jebel Ali Mile on dirt, €175,840 (£149,677).

Saudi Arabia

Since its inaugural running in 2020, The Saudi Cup has rapidly become a major international race and in 2025 Saudi Cup Weekend at King Abdulaziz Racecourse in Riyadh will have total prize money of over €34.68m (£29.5m) on offer, including the 1800m (9f) Group 1 Saudi Cup itself worth €18.5m (£15.73m). The meeting, at the end of February, is also Riyadh’s social event of the year, offering visiting racegoers a taste of the finest style, culture and hospitality of Saudi Arabia.

The two days of top-quality racing include an International Jockeys Challenge, two Group 1 Purebred Arabian races, the €462,235 Al Tuwaiq Cup for locally-trained horses and dirt and turf races culminating in the Group 1 Saudi Cup, the world’s richest race, run on the King Abdulaziz dirt track, the final event on Saturday’s eight-race card.

Adding international flavour to the Friday card is the 2100m (10f) €462,235 (£393,255) Saudi International Handicap confined to horses trained within the IFHA-registered Part II and III racing countries, which should be of interest to the relevant European countries. (Part II nations Bahrain, India, Italy, Korea, Malaysia, Panama, Puerto Rico, Saudi Arabia, Scandinavia, Singapore, Turkey, Uruguay, Venezuela, and Zimbabwe. Part III nations Belgium, Czech Republic, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Hungary, Jamaica, Mauritius, Mexico, Morocco, Poland, Qatar, Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland, and Trinidad & Tobago.)

With prize money down to 10th place, The Saudi Cup serves to raise the profile of racing to local communities, as well as foreign fans and professionals. The Jockey Club of Saudi Arabia was formed in 1965, but the founding of The Saudi Cup and the 1800m turf track at King Abdulaziz Racecourse has seen Saudi Arabia upgraded from Part III to Part II by the IFHA and is likely to achieve Part I status in the near future.

2022 saw the first international Pattern races held as part of The Saudi Cup weekend. The 2100m (10f) Neom Turf Cup, the 1351m (7f) Turf Sprint, the 1600m (8f) Saudi Derby, the 1200m (6f) Riyadh Dirt Sprint and the 3000m (15f) Red Sea Turf Handicap were all promoted to Group 3, while the Saudi Cup became Group 1.

With more than 70 international horses, The Saudi Cup hosts more international runners than any other race meeting. Stabling, quarantine and training facilities are provided at all of the racecourses, subject to availability, and invited connections at King Abdulaziz Racecourse are provided with complimentary access to the Howden Owners & Trainers Lounge, and dining in the Al Thuraya Trackside Restaurant. 

The Jockey Club of Saudi Arabia can arrange transport for delegates and guests between venues, and the racecourses have plentiful free parking with international airports close by. Riyadh Airport Marriott Hotel is a 5-star hotel five minutes from King Khalid International Airport and ten minutes from the racecourse, with a restaurant, gym and outdoor pool. The Radisson Hotel Riyadh Airport is close to the airport and 15 minutes from the racecourse, with spacious rooms, duplexes and villas, as well as restaurants and leisure facilities.

The Equine Hospital in Riyadh provides advanced care in diagnostic procedures, treatment, emergency care and hospitalisation for equine patients, open around-the-clock every day of the year for emergency and critical care cases.

Qatar

The 2023/24 racing season, running from mid-October through to the end of April, saw a rise in prize money and international runners, reflecting the commitment of the Qatar Racing and Equestrian Club (QREC) and the high standards of Al Rayyan and Al Uqda racecourses. Work will continue to ensure that the 2024/25 season will meet expectations and continue to raise standards. Al Rayyan at Doha is the premier racecourse and home to the state-of-the-art training centre. The turf track is 1800m (9f) and the sand track 1400m (7f). 

Abdulla Al Kubaisi, QREC Racing Manager, says, “We organised 67 race days during the last season, including 45 on both turf and sand at Al Rayyan and the rest on both turf and sand at Al Uqda. We base the season on weather conditions and take into account the ratings of Arabians and thoroughbreds to ensure the largest possible number of horses have the opportunity to run in races, which suit their ages and abilities.

“The 2023-2024 season saw the prize money reach an unprecedented figure in QREC’s history, €22.2m (£18.9m), of which €19.8m (£16.8m) was offered by the races held at Al Rayyan and the remainder at Al Uqda. This contributed to raising the standard, enhancing the stature of the Festival in the region and attracting several runners from European and Asian countries. For the first time, the minimum prize money for a feature race was €30,442 (£25,900).”

Mid-February sees the highlight of the season, the Group 3 HH The Amir Trophy for four-year-olds and up, over 2400m (12f) at Al Rayyan, Doha, carrying a total purse of €2.3m (£2m) and worth €1.3m (£1.1m) to the winner. 

To worm or not to worm? Addressing the dilemma of worming treatment decisions for horses in training

Article by Jacqui Mathews

All horses are exposed to parasitic worms at some point in their lives. It is not possible to eradicate all worms from all horses, nor completely avoid the risk of worm-associated disease, so some level of parasite control is necessary in any environment where horses are kept.   Traditionally, regular all-group wormer (anthelmintic) treatments were used to control these parasites, regardless of the management conditions. Increasing reports of wormer resistance over the last two decades [1] indicate this is no longer sustainable and will only act to worsen the situation, especially as no new wormers are coming to market any time soon. It is essential to take an approach that safeguards the effectiveness of anthelmintics. As common equine worms are spread via grass (Fig. 1), and horses in training do not routinely graze for significant periods (so are at lower risk of infection), they represent ideal candidates for diagnostic-led programmes.  

The worms that turned

The main worms of concern for horses in training are small redworms and tapeworms. Young horses (<2 years-old) may also be infected with ascarids. Small redworms can cause weight loss; in heavy infections (10,000s-1,000,000’s worms), this can be severe and accompanied by diarrhoea and/or colic. Tapeworms can cause colic but at a lower infection level; burdens of >20 tapeworms have been shown to cause gut damage. Ascarids are more likely to be problematical on studs; infections usually peak in 4-8 month-old foals, with a gradual reduction in susceptibility due to immunity. Immunity takes longer to develop against small redworms and tapeworms and a few horses remain susceptible throughout life, especially when exposed to heavily-contaminated paddocks and/or have medical conditions that affect their immunity. 

Wormers available include fenbendazole, pyrantel salts (double dose for tapeworms), ivermectin, moxidectin and praziquantel (tapeworms only). Resistance to these wormers has been reported in small redworms (benzimidazole resistance is ubiquitous, with reports of resistance to all other wormers), ascarids (especially resistance to ivermectin) and tapeworms (pyrantel and praziquantel resistance was recently reported [2]). If effective worm killing is not achieved due to the presence of resistance, a situation could occur where veterinarians are unable to effectively treat horses that present with disease due to heavy burdens. It is therefore essential to reduce the amount of wormers administered and only treat horses when an assessment indicates that worming is necessary.

Risk assess to consider if horses are likely to be infected with worms

Be aware of the risk factors for worm infection, with age and access to contaminated grass key features. As most horses in training have no/limited access to pasture, they should be at low risk of infection, especially horses >4 years. Yearlings, 2- and 3-year-olds are more likely to have higher burdens, especially small redworm; this should be taken into account when planning testing and treatment options (see below). Older horses (>15 years), used as riding horses or companions, may also have higher burdens so can act as potential sources of contamination. 

Regular assessment with your veterinarian of the risk of infection to the individual or group enables danger zones in management practices to be identified, addressed, and the impact of improvements monitored over time. Include sufficient detail in the assessment so that seemingly innocuous practices that increase risk (for example, short daily turn-outs) can be identified and action taken. Risk assessment will:

1. Inform which tests to perform, test frequency and which horses to include 

2. Indicate the need for strategic treatments; for instance, small redworm larvicidal therapy in high-risk (younger) horses where tests cannot be used to guide treatment decisions

3. Provide information on potential worm exposure and the need to reduce the opportunity of horses being infected (at the yard or elsewhere).  

Tests provide information to help treatment decisions

Diagnostics are essential for making informed decisions about worming and for selecting which product to use, whilst reducing selection for resistance. Tests available include faecal egg count (FEC) and antibody-based assays. 

FEC tests estimate the number of worm eggs a horse is passing in dung (a measure of contamination potential) and provide information on the type of eggs excreted. On racing yards, testing is recommended every 12-16 weeks.  Usually, ~80% of horses excrete ~20% of the eggs passed [3], meaning that many individuals have no/low worm egg shedding and will not need treatment, thus preserving wormers. Horses estimated as passing >200 to >500 worm eggs per gram (epg) dung are recommended for treatment. When collecting a dung sample, select at least three balls from the pile, with a minimum of 5 grams placed in a pot/bag with all air excluded and the samples kept cool. FEC reduction tests should be conducted once a year to provide information on effectiveness of the wormers being used to target small redworm. 

FEC tests only detect the products of egg-laying adult worms and are not reliable indicators of the burden within an individual, especially as male and immature worms are not detected. In the case of tapeworm, FEC methods are also affected by inconsistent release of egg-containing segments from adult worms so are not recommended for identifying infection with this parasite. Instead, tests that detect antibodies can be utilised to provide information on the level of tapeworm or small redworm infection in individuals.

Tapeworm antibody tests are available in saliva and blood formats. Both work on the principle of measuring worm-specific antibodies, levels of which show a strong positive relationship with tapeworm burden. The tests have been shown to accurately identify all horses that harbour clinically-relevant burdens of >20 tapeworms [4]. Testing identifies horses that will contaminate areas where horses graze, as well as those harbouring burdens that may put them at risk of colic. All horses should be tested at the same time to identify those that need anti-tapeworm treatment; ideally, in combination with tests that detect small redworm infection (FECs or small redworm blood test). By doing this, the correct worming product can be selected based on the test data (Fig. 2). Testing can be performed once or twice a year, depending on the level of risk identified at the initial assessment and informed by ongoing data. Tapeworm testing results in large reductions in anthelmintic use; from 2015-2022, >164,000 UK horses were assessed using the saliva test and only 1/3 were recommended for treatment [5]. In the unlikely event where many horses test tapeworm-positive on a yard, the source of infection needs to be identified and management rectified to reduce transmission via oribatid mites.

It was previously recommended to treat all horses for small redworm encysted larvae in late autumn/winter. As it acts to select resistance, routine all-group treatment is no longer advised for horses at low risk of infection. Horses in training will usually fall into this category. For low-risk horses, the options are to not administer this treatment, or use the Small Redworm Blood Test. Similar to the tapeworm tests, this measures worm-specific antibodies and demonstrates high sensitivity in identifying horses with low small redworm burdens that do not require treatment. The test can be utilised in autumn/winter when it is more likely that small redworm encysted larvae, that are not detected by FEC tests, are present. Applying the test in low-risk sport horse groups demonstrated that many horses (>60%) fell below the low 1,000-small redworm threshold [5]. 

Horses in training can test positive by any of these methods, despite the fact that they do not graze for significant periods. This is because they can become exposed to worm infections during short turnout periods, or if they are allowed to graze on training grounds or at the race course. Wherever there is dung deposited, there may be worms!   

In the case study (Fig. 3), tapeworm and small redworm serum scores in December are shown from horses based at a training yard in the UK. The results demonstrated negligible burdens (<1,000 worms) of small redworms in ~1/3 of the group, with only 14% of horses recommended for tapeworm treatment. These horses had 30 minutes turnout to a small paddock each day; dung was not removed from this paddock, providing a source of worm infection. The veterinarian subsequently advised the trainer to remove dung daily from the paddock and to treat test-positive horses with a larvicidal anthelmintic and, where indicated, an anti-tapeworm treatment. These horses previously received regular all-group treatments, so although blood testing recommended a proportion to be wormed, this strategy reduced worming frequency overall and, importantly, provided the trainer with insights regarding management procedures. 

Advice for horses new to a yard

The introduction of newcomers or the return of previous residents to a yard risks introduction of ‘new’ parasites. All new arrivals should be isolated, tested (FEC/small redworm blood test, tapeworm test) and wormed based on the results. For small redworm, a FEC reduction test should be performed to assess wormer sensitivity of the parasites the horse is carrying. Ideally, keep the horse away from grazing in the interim, or at least prevent access to turnout paddocks for 3 days after worming to stop transmission of eggs that are excreted after treatment. 

In conclusion 

Few studies have examined worm prevalence, control practices or effectiveness of anthelmintics on training yards. Those that have, indicate industry-wide overuse of wormers, with few trainers using evidence-based methods [6]. The racing industry must avoid the legacy of spreading drug-resistant worms to other parts of the sector.  Once horses retire from training, they enter a spectrum of environments where the introduction of wormer-resistant parasites could prove extremely detrimental, particularly, breeding enterprises where susceptible young animals will co-graze with mares, or retirement homes/sanctuaries containing geriatric horses that may be more prone to worm-associated disease. The introduction of drug-resistant parasites to leisure riding establishments or yards focused on eventing, show jumping or dressage, would be viewed as a negative sequelae of the over-use of anthelmintics in the training sector. Given the amount of attention paid to the health and physiology of racehorses, trainers, working with their veterinarian, are perfectly poised to adopt worm control plans designed to meet the needs of the individual by following a diagnostic-led approach. An exemplar control plan is shown in Fig. 4.

References

1. Nielsen 2022. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist. 20;76-88.

2. Nielsen 2023. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist. 22:96-101.

3. Relf et al. 2013. Parasitology 140:641-652. 

4. Lightbody et al. 2016. Vet Clin Pathol. 45:335-346.

5. Matthews et al. 2024. In Practice 46:34-41.

6. Rosanowski et al. 2016. Equine Vet J. 48:387-93.

How AI technology is influencing the breeding and training of racehorses

Article by Virginia Lisco

Artificial intelligence (AI) is growing significantly across all industries, revolutionising the way we approach work. In many areas, it facilitates the storage and processing of big amounts of data that the human mind would not be able to handle alone, helping us make more informed decisions based on objective information. 

Although this development is progressing at a slightly slower pace in the racing industry compared to other sectors, the introduction of AI and the use of tech devices that collect data and turn it into analysis are gradually finding their place in this field as well. 

The world of racing, which has so far been characterised by an aura of unpredictability - part of the excitement and thrill that makes it so captivating - is actually an industry filled with data and variables that can be measured and analysed. 

Thanks to AI and new technological devices, which leverage generations of data, extremely innovative systems are emerging that provide objective answers to questions that once relied solely on human intuition and observation. 

However, this does not mean that the rise of these devices should be seen as a replacement for human expertise, but rather as a valuable support. These tools will never replace the role of bloodstock agents, trainers or breeders, but will instead assist them in the decision-making process by offering insights based on empirical data, making their choices more informed and objective.

From the initial selection of the right match between mare and stallion, through identifying the ideal yearling at sales, to measuring the horses' vital parameters during training and providing race recommendations, artificial intelligence and tech devices are offering 360-degree support.

BREEDING

Since the earliest days of breeding, the dream of every thoroughbred racehorse breeder has been to create perfect champions, endowed with the ideal combination of strength, stamina and temperament. 

Over the centuries, the quest to unlock the secret of breeding invincible horses has lingered between genetic theories, intuition and bold experimentation. Federico Tesio, one of the most visionary figures in the field, argued that success was not merely a matter of a fortunate combination of genes but was deeply tied to the intrinsic energy of the horse. This approach, combined with rigorous selection and careful evaluation of bloodlines, formed the foundation for pursuing those winning combinations that could produce extraordinary champions.

But what if today’s breeders could go beyond intuition and legacy knowledge? What if data science could predict the best match for your stallion and mare? 

With access to an immense database of nearly four million horses, AI-powered predictive tools are now transforming breeding and buying decisions, enabling breeders to make choices grounded in data. 

These tools, built upon established pedigree theories, offer insights backed by over 30 generations of bloodstock data, tracing back to the very beginning of the thoroughbred breed. By harnessing this wealth of information, breeders can optimise their strategies like never before, ensuring each pairing is a precise, informed step towards crafting the next racing legend. 

One company leading this transformative shift is Equine Match, leveraging AI-driven systems to revolutionise pedigree analysis and breeding decisions. Equine Match's advanced tools allow breeders to analyse not just the direct bloodline of a horse but also to assess its performance across three to five generations. 

By examining the racing and pedigree features of ancestors, including sires, dams, and their progeny, Equine Match can predict with up to 95% confidence how a horse will perform at various racing levels, from Black-Type performers to stakes winners or group winners. 

Equine Match’s predictive algorithms calculate these probabilities based on a unique combination of sire and dam ratings, which factor in expected versus actual progeny results and evaluate the broader distaff family. The pedigree pattern analysis further weighs the success of specific ancestral combinations using Z Statistics scores, comparing results against a standard score to identify statistically significant patterns. 

With access to a vast database of nearly four million horses, Equine Match can assess the quality of prospective matches, enabling breeders to search for their ideal sire and dam combinations, view real-time performance metrics, and even analyse hypothetical pedigrees for potential inbreeding coefficients and alignment with the ideal racing profile.

Another cutting-edge advancement in the breeding industry is the use of genomic tools to create the perfect match. These tools go beyond traditional pedigree analysis by examining the genetic profile of horses at the DNA level, revealing insights that were never accessible before. 

One leading example is Checkmate, a revolutionary online breeding tool powered by Equinome. Checkmate enables breeders to analyse their mare's genetic profile in high definition and identify stallions that best complement her DNA, all from a simple blood sample that uncovers details beyond the pedigree.

Checkmate empowers breeders and stallion owners to manage genetic inbreeding risks, increasing the chances of live foals and enhancing racing durability. Scientific studies have shown that higher levels of genomic inbreeding are linked to severe issues such as foal loss, stillbirths and decreased racing potential. 

Research from the Royal Veterinary College and University College Dublin has highlighted the significant impact of inbreeding on foal viability and racing success, underscoring the importance of managing these risks. Checkmate provides real-time predictions of genomic inbreeding in hypothetical foals by matching the DNA profile of a mare with that of up to ten chosen stallions, calculating risk scores and flagging high-risk matings.

Checkmate helps breeders avoid high-risk genetic combinations that could lead to foal loss, thereby allowing them to make more informed breeding decisions. By leveraging genomic data, breeders can refine their breeding strategies, enhancing the health and durability of their foals and pushing the limits of what is achievable in thoroughbred breeding.

The advent of these advanced tools represents a significant shift in the breeding landscape. As Luca Cumani, breeder at Fittocks Stud, notes, “This will be a progressive change to refine choices, and it will always need to be paired with human observation, but it's important to be open to understanding how these new technologies work.”

AT THE SALES 

During the Sales, the phrase “good luck” is often exchanged, reflecting the hope of finding and securing the best horse, a potential future champion, from the lengthy catalogues. 

But is success really just about luck, or is there a way to minimise this element and base our decisions on more objective criteria? 

Recently, a range of advanced tools have been developed to support bloodstock agents, trainers, and owners in their search, using AI-based systems that draw from extensive databases to inform better decision-making. There are various methods to approach these objective analyses, including pedigree evaluations, biomechanical assessments.

For example, a significant advancement in this field is HALO, featuring its AI assistant "Hailey," designed to guide buyers through the complexities of sales selection. Hailey analyses detailed data on each horse, from performance history and pedigree to biomechanical evaluations. 

What truly sets HALO apart is its partnership with the most advanced Vet-AI on the market, that contributes to providing a record of the health of the horses that will be purchased. This partnership enables Hailey to deliver a detailed health record of the horse being considered, interpreting complex veterinary reports such as X-rays with remarkable accuracy and predicting potential health issues.

Also, Equine Match helps users refine their shortlists by analysing pedigree quality, racing performance of progeny, and detailed sire ratings, to provide an objective assessment of each horse’s potential. This approach enables users to manage and compare a large volume of data in a short time, far beyond what the human mind could achieve, enhancing the overall selection process with precise, data-backed insights.

Another interesting tool is Tom Wilson’s biomechanical profiling technique, which evaluates a horse’s physical structure and movement patterns to gauge its racing potential. Wilson has extensively studied the link between biomechanics, kinematics and on-track performance. His approach involves collecting detailed data on every yearling sold at auctions in major markets like the UK, Ireland, France, the US, Australia and New Zealand.

Key measurements include joint angles, the speed and velocity of specific body parts, the coordination between joints, and the cycles and rotations of their gait. By analysing this information from a growing database of 6,000 yearlings, Wilson identifies the biomechanical traits that correlate most strongly with racing ability. This data-driven approach allows comparisons between a horse’s biomechanical profile and its subsequent performance on the track, highlighting the most critical joint movements that influence future success.

The use of AI and data-driven tools represents a different approach from the traditional methods of horse selection, striking a delicate balance between technology and intuition. As breeder Franca Vittadini notes, “AI will never help me feel the sensation a horse gives me when I look at it, or see the small flaws and qualities that make me think it’s the right one.” 

Yet, there is also recognition of the need for more objective strategies. As Spencer Chapman, co-founder of Equine Match, states, “we’ve got to find a more scientific way to select.” This blend of traditional expertise and modern technology is reshaping how the industry identifies and invests in future champions.

RACING 

The use of AI in racing recommendations is revolutionising how trainers, owners, and jockeys approach race strategies. Advanced AI tools analyse vast datasets, including past performance, track conditions, and competitor analysis, to provide insights that were previously difficult to obtain. 

HALO’s simulation video allows users to visualise a potential race scenario, predicting how a horse might perform under specific conditions such as pace, positioning, and track type. This technology helps trainers make informed decisions on race tactics, selecting the right race for their horse, and optimising performance on race day.

HORSE PERFORMANCE AND HEALTH 

The health and physical condition of horses in training play a crucial role, not only in achieving optimal performance but, more importantly, in ensuring a high level of welfare. 

In the racing landscape, new tech devices have emerged that assist in monitoring and preserving the health of horses. These tools are essential for analysing causes of underperformance, determining the ideal fitness level for racing, and, most critically, reducing the risk of injuries. 

The trainer’s job is extremely challenging, requiring them to understand, observe and analyse a horse’s physical and mental condition from all angles. They must assess the horse’s aptitudes, such as distance preference, track surface suitability, and the appropriate amount and type of work, all while trying to maximise the horse’s potential. This delicate task relies not only on the trainer’s personal observations, instincts and sensations but also on the feedback of riders.

The use of GPS devices opens a new frontier in modern training, providing real-time insights into a horse's performance and physical condition. These specialised tools work by attaching sensors to the horse, usually in the girth area, to capture data on various metrics such as heart rate, stride length, speed, and acceleration. 

This data is then transmitted to a connected device, like a smartphone or tablet, where it can be analysed by trainers and veterinarians. The GPS provides insights into the horse’s fitness level, recovery rate, and overall performance, allowing for precise adjustments in training programmes.

By continuously monitoring these parameters, GPS devices help detect early signs of fatigue, underperformance, or potential injuries, enabling preventive measures to be taken and ensuring the horse maintains peak condition while minimising health risks.

An example of this advanced technology is the Equimetre by Arioneo, a device used by multiple trainers worldwide and in collaboration with organisations like the Hong Kong Jockey Club, NYRA and Racing Victoria. 

Trainers like George Scott rely on Equimetre to gather crucial data that enhances their training strategies. According to trainer Scott, “We use Equimetre to collect data which I’m becoming increasingly more committed to. A basic starting point is the fractions. You can back up what you’ve seen with your eyes against the clock. Cadence is a great indicator on trip. Recovery taken at three stages after work and trot symmetry are also helpful.” 

This data allows trainers to corroborate their observations with objective measurements, providing a more comprehensive understanding of a horse’s condition. The influx of data from such devices is also giving rise to a new professional figure in the racing industry: the data analyst. 

To address this growing need, Arioneo has introduced the "Equiscience Programme," aimed at developing skills in data interpretation and analysis specific to equine performance. This program reflects a broader trend in the industry, where data-driven insights are becoming essential for optimising training and enhancing decision-making, complementing the traditional expertise of trainers and riders.

The primary goal of these companies remains the enhancement of horse welfare. As Coline Labadie de Faÿ, COO of Arioneo, states; “The vision has always been to collaborate with the industry and provide tools to improve horse welfare and prevent injuries on a global scale. Institutions worldwide are becoming more and more concerned by the social licence of our sport and are putting concrete measures in place to try to avoid all possible injuries.” 

This growing awareness is driving the adoption of advanced tech devices designed to monitor and protect the health of horses, even around the clock.

Among these technologies is the V-PRO by Equimetrics, which offers 24/7 monitoring of vital signs such as temperature, heart rate, and respiratory rate, providing real-time insights into the horse’s well-being through a user-friendly app. 

Another example is EQUISYM, a veterinary tool that helps diagnose locomotor asymmetries by analysing gait and movement patterns, aiding in the early detection of potential issues. These innovations reflect the industry's increasing focus on comprehensive health management and injury prevention, supporting the overall welfare of horses in training.

While these advanced devices offer valuable insights, they are complementary tools that work alongside the hard work and expertise of trainers, veterinarians, and riders. They enhance traditional methods without replacing the essential human touch in horse care and training. As Labadie de Faÿ suggests; “It will never replace your eyes; it will just help to not miss some little things.” 

These technologies are there to support, not substitute, the critical role of human observation, judgement and experience in ensuring the well-being and performance of horses.

What tweaks would you make to NH pattern races / calendar?

Article by Daragh Ó Conchúir

Getting consensus in racing is much like finding the pot of gold at the end of the rainbow. So the changes to the Cheltenham Festival programme by The Jockey Club were lauded by many but criticised in plenty quarters too.

The press release announcing the six changes, headlined by the relegation of the Turners Chase from a Grade 1 to a Grade 2 novices’ handicap, said that they were made “with a focus on more competitive racing and a better experience and value for all”.

Everyone agrees with the focus. But Cheltenham is one meeting, THE meeting in terms of National Hunt racing. But if there is an issue of lack of competitiveness and entertainment, piecemeal measures don’t cut it. 

Speaking at the Asian Racing Conference in Sapporo on August 28, BHA chair, Joe Saumarez Smith said it was time to stop thinking in the short term in a bid to reverse fortunes. 

At the same conference, Hong Kong Jockey Club CEO Winfried Englebrecht-Bresges opined that fragmentation was a problem in British racing. It isn’t solely a British problem, given the number of interest groups, but it is made more acute by the lack of central control on a calendar and racing programme.

There is an African proverb that says, ‘If you want to go fast, go alone. If you want to go far, go together.’ Unity is required to push past short-term goals in pursuit of the long-term future. Some would argue that given the niche element of national hunt racing, this unity of approach should extend across Ireland, Britain and even France as the three are interlinked in terms of competition and trade. 

Some amendments have been made to the NH programmes in Britain and Ireland in the last year or so, in a bid to address the dilution of the value of graded form. Bigwigs from Horse Racing Ireland and the British Horseracing Association met towards the end of September for a think-tank to discuss numerous issues of shared interest. A discussion on working together in relation to the programme was among the topics but a broad chat was all that occurred.

Meanwhile, I spoke to a variety of stakeholders on where jump racing is going, what it needs and what it doesn’t, and got some interesting responses.

Emma Lavelle (Trainer: Britain)

A former president of the National Trainers’ Federation, best known for guiding the spectacular career of 2019 Stayers’ Hurdle winner Paisley Park, Emma Lavelle has been concerned about the dilution of the product offered by British jump racing for a few years now.

Lavelle offers a cogent and clear argument for change. What is remarkable, in her view, is that while there is too much racing, the programme swelled while still not catering for every tier of horse.

“Changes should be about trying to make racing more competitive at every level,” says the boss of Bonita Racing Stables.

“There's no doubt that uncompetitive racing doesn't make for interesting viewing, good betting medians. You will always have the odd uncompetitive race and sometimes, small fields are competitive and exciting, but uncompetitive racing is a turn-off, and it's a turn-off for the practitioners as well as the general public. So I think ultimately, we've got to do something to shake it up.”

Lavelle recounts that watching Frodon win the Ryanair Chase at Cheltenham, about 40 minutes before Paisley Park’s fairytale triumph in the Stayers, was as moving as it was exciting. Shishkin reeling in Energumene late on in a four-runner Clarence House Chase at Ascot three years later was on a similar level. That’s what needs to be encouraged.

Attempting to directly slow the growth and impact of NH’s major yards would be short-sighted she believes, punishing ambition and success. 

“It’s just how the cookie crumbles,” as she describes the stunning resources now available to the likes of Willie Mulins. “But it’s why we need to find different ways of making sure that we can all be competitive. 

“I do think that our race programme needs to become more aspirational from the bottom up. Finding a race for that 130, 140 rated horse is nigh on impossible. You’ve just got one race here and there. If you've got a horse that's rated 100 you can run it six times a week, and somehow that just doesn't seem right. We need to maybe force or encourage some lower-grade horses to compete in mid-tier races off lower weights as an incentive. Otherwise you’re racing to the bottom.”

The over-provision of lower-tier races applies at graded level in Britain too, apart from in the three-mile division she knows so well, when Paisley Park drew swords with the same opposition in the Long Distance, Long Walk, Cleeve and Stayers’ Hurdles to thrilling effect on an annual basis.

“The pattern of this country has been shaken up this year and a little bit last year to reflect that maybe it had just got a little bit big. Hopefully that will just help them make those races a bit more competitive. I do think that the fine-tuning and the slimming of it is an improvement, and I think that needs to happen in Ireland as well. 

“The thing is, where do you send some of these horses if they miss some of the other races? And is it right that we're just turning everything into handicaps? You don’t want to take too many away, because otherwise, what's the point in trying to create a nice horse? So you’re getting the balance right and when you make changes, just seeing how they work.”

Giving alterations time to bed in and to determine their impact is critical, she feels, because there is no one silver bullet. Addressing some clear imbalances should be a starting point, however.

“We always talk about prize money. I If you're lucky enough to get a horse that's good enough to win mid-tier-and-up races. You deserve to be paid for that, and certainly to incentivise ownership, that’s important.

“We're always scared about really shaking up the programme. You look at the French system, a lot of their races are about how much prize money you've won up to a certain period or through a certain period. People are loath to try new things, and then you get a short run at it, because people don't really engage with it, so you don't get the runners, so the racecourses don't want those changes.”

The Wiltshire-based conditioner believes that a co-operative approach between the jurisdictions would benefit but doesn’t believe pursuing a uniform pattern is practical, at this juncture at least, with so much to be addressed on home territory first.

“It would make perfect sense if there was a centralised system of ratings, rather than how it is at the minute, where the Irish will get more weight when they come over here, etc. I think things like that would make sense.

“But the problem is, it's hard enough to get everybody in this country on the same page – and when I say get everyone on the same page, I mean where everybody is coming at it without self-interest, but for the good of the sport. So to think that you're then trying to join up with Ireland or other countries, I just don't know how that could happen. It would be wonderful if it did, but it would take some negotiating.”

If there is one factor, over any other, preventing the level of change Lavelle feels is required in Britain, it is the lack of central control of fixtures and programming. 

“It's so frustrating. Sometimes you just feel, ’Why can't people take a step back and take their own interest out of it and look at the bigger picture?’ ”

Peter Molony (Breeder/Trader/Sales Agent/Racing Manager: Ireland)

Peter Molony is involved in the industry from the start of the process as a breeder, right through to the destination point, as racing manager for Kenny Alexander, owner of the history-making four-time Cheltenham Festival victor and dual Champion Hurdle-winning mare, Honeysuckle, and on the flat side, Qatar Racing’s Irish representative.

The Rathmore Stud manager is an ardent supporter of the ramped up NH mares’ programme in Britain and Ireland in the past decade, which has had such a monumentally positive impact on the demand for fillies at sales and their participation in jump racing.

Molony reckons the mares’ programme could be used as a test case for the creation of a broader uniform jump racing pattern in the jurisdictions. And if it worked, you would have a template to implement a programme on a universal level.

“What we have has been a huge improvement, and it's added massively to the overall racing experience, the market, in every way,” says Moloney of the mares’ programme. “But it's kind of grown up in a sort of higgledy, piggledy, sort of way, with a listed race added here, and a listed race added there, and not the greatest natural progression.

“At times you’d be wondering where the next race is if you wanted to stick solely to the fillies’ programme. So, I've suggested many times that the Irish and British authorities should sit down together and hammer out a proper pattern for them. And to be honest, it would make a lot of sense if they did it on a wider scale. But they could start with the fillies and mares, see how that works, and then go from there.”

As a breeder and trader who has produced the likes of former Gold Cup winner Bobs Worth and dual Cheltenham Grade 1 winner Sir Gerhard, and a NH agent with Goffs, the importance of the pattern is not lost on him. Nor is the erosion of the value of the exalted black type.

“If it was set up properly and got established, I think one pattern would add huge value to everything. And if you started with the fillies, it adds value to their form as well as to the overall enjoyment of the racing fan, of the overall racing product.

“You don’t want too many easy options, giving horses the chance to avoid one another all the time. The mares’ programme has been attacked in the past, and this continues to be attacked, that it's taking away from competitiveness. My argument is that it is actually adding competitiveness, because it's adding a whole new group of horses into the pool that wouldn't be racing at all.”

There were three distaff winners of the Cheltenham Champion Hurdle before 2016. Annie Power, Epatante and Honeysuckle have doubled that tally in the blink of an eye. 

“Before the mares’ programme, the market didn’t exist. So you’d have none of those French mares. If you had a nicely-bred NH mare in Ireland, you just covered her. The racing mares are an exception. So the programme works but for it to be one programme would help it more.

“And then if that worked, bring it into the entire jump programme. In the flat game, people see progressions from your trials, into your Classics, and then into your later, all-age races with the clashes of the generations. People can see the progression, and that's great. It works well. It's easier to sell. I think if you had that in the national hunt game, it would be wonderful.

Willie Mullins (Trainer: Ireland)

There isn’t a sport in the world where sustained success isn’t at some point presented as a negative for the health of the sport. It must be tough to take even if criticism tends to be of a system rather than the winners’ magnificence.

He was crowned champion trainer in Ireland for a 17th straight year last season and became the first trainer since Vincent O’Brien 70 years previously to secure British honours. For context, Aidan O’Brien is on 26 consecutive native titles at the end of 2024 and a seventh British crown. 

Mullins, an ex-chairman of the Irish Racehorse Trainers’ Association, believes that there are plenty of opportunities through the levels in Ireland, pointing to the growth of Gavin Cromwell’s operation as just one sample. He doesn’t see a need for a standardised programme between countries.

“I think people should be very careful when they start messing around with the programme,” says Mullins. “When you do little tweaks with the programme, you don't realise the consequences that will have somewhere else. So that's a great legacy that (former HRI chief executive) Brian Kavanagh and Jason Morris (former director of racing, now director of strategy) gave to Irish racing, and we should cherish it.

“A few of us go to France. The French never come over here. Prize money isn't good enough for them. Our seasons are just slightly different as well. But I think the story about Irish and English jump racing is probably Ireland versus England. And for that to take place, you have to have an English pattern and an Irish pattern. And we're very lucky that we have a race meeting called Cheltenham, where it's nearly, for the want of a better word, a World Championships in our game and all roads lead to there and then to Aintree and to Punchestown.

“I think it's huge, the way it works at the moment. So if you want to break that up, I'm not sure it would be beneficial. 

“I also look at how racing has been put together by racing people, and I've seen, especially in Britain, over the last few years, people coming in from other sports, putting their imprint on racing, and they're not racing people. They don't realise how it works. They're in our sport for five years, and then they disappear off somewhere else. Meanwhile, they leave a fractured sport, putting in ideas that just don't take off or don't work.

“Racing is about breeding the best to the best, and hopefully get the best and taking on one another. And that's essentially it. That’s the core of racing.”

He considers the introduction of a team concept such as the Shergar Cup and racing League on the flat as ludicrous and argues that more focus should be on other factors in improving race-day experience for those in attendance than the action.

“When you have 35 minutes between races, it’s too long. I mean in the flat, it’s awful but even in national hunt. If you have a horse running in the first, and don’t have another till the last, it’s a long day. There are only so many cups of tea you can drink as there’s nothing else to do. It has been very boring for the public. They should look at that.

“And when it comes to Cheltenham, it is just too expensive.”

Jonathan Garratt (Kelso MD: Britain)

Jonathan Garratt has overseen the growth of Kelso as a desired destination for jumps racing with an imaginative, ambitious approach to programming and prize money. 

Last year, Garratt was scathing in his criticism of the BHA’s premierisation policy which planned to “declutter” Saturday racing in Britain, warning it could destroy the sport’s grassroots. It is a policy, Garratt tells us, that ignores the uniqueness of jump racing.

“Each of the three codes (if I can separate all-weather flat racing from turf) have very different opportunities and different threats,” Garratt declares. “And yet the BHA lumps them all together in the fixture process and has encouraged them to compete for a two-tier funding system which they’ve christened ‘core’ and ‘premier’.

“While it’s fairly easy to see an elite strand of racing on the flat, which exists on a global stage, jump racing is a much more integrated environment, where top-class horses develop over time, frequently competing at a grassroots level on their way to the top. The best horses might compete in point-to-points, or bumpers, or both. Many will take in a handicap or two, some in relatively modest company.

“Even during the recent Willie Mullins domination, we’d be hopeful of spotting a future Cheltenham Festival winner, or a Grand National winner, at a Kelso fixture which has been allocated the ‘core’ label.

“My opinion is that jump racing has a more nuanced and interesting narrative than flat racing and so we don’t need these false labels. We should be encouraging racegoers to follow the action at all tracks, and enjoy the progression as horses move through the developmental races and become seasoned performers – at whatever level they eventually attain.”

The purpose of all-weather racing is to provide a betting product in time slots that are not available to jump racing, Garratt argues. The story of jump racing is far deeper and a key asset he maintains.

“Each code has its own strengths. One of jump racing’s strongest is its unique ability to create fantastic, romantic stories. While it’s flattering that so many people have credited Kelso with developing the jumps’ programme through the changes we made to the Morebattle Hurdle, the truth is that we simply tapped into strengths that already existed in jump racing – we increased the value of a high quality race which was close in proximity to Cheltenham, made it a handicap to give more runners a chance, and added a £100,000 bonus to tie us into the existing Festival narrative. We were very fortunate when The Shunter won it in the first year!”

Garratt doesn’t think a centralised pattern for the chief NH countries would work but never one to knock a suggestion without offering another, he makes a different, radical proposal.

“One idea which I’d throw out there, instead, is a unified trainers’ championship. At the moment, the top British trainers will favour races in Britain over valuable opportunities elsewhere because they want to win their Championship. I assume it’s the same in Ireland and France. I might be wrong, but Willie’s bid for the British Championship appeared to be an afterthought, it came into the reckoning after he’d already enjoyed a great Cheltenham.

“If a European Trainers’ Championship had a really good prize and was supported by the media, trainers might consider running in races throughout all of the countries which were part of it. I’m not saying it would work – but if greater international cooperation was considered beneficial to the sport, this might be one way to move it forward.”

Louisa Carberry (Trainer: France)

Louisa Carberry is a native of England from an eventing background who is based in France ten years, where she met and married Philip Carberry, the Champion Hurdle winning jockey from the famed clan that became the first Irish jockey to win the Grand Steeple-Chase de Paris – the French Gold Cup - in 2006. 

She became the first foreign woman to train the winner of the Grande Steepe in 2020. Docteur De Ballon backed up 12 months later and with Louisa saddling Gran Diose to a third victory in five seasons last May, she is now in exalted territory.

The programme and prize money make France the most desired place to train for her.

“We have a lot fewer handicap handicaps over here in jumping,” Carberry explains. “What we do have is very valuable handicaps. There was a 100 grand handicap hurdle yesterday and that happens a couple of times a week, and they’re usually for horses rated from 0-130 and they’re highly competitive races.

“It’s a quite nice way of doing it. It might start off with a race for horses that haven't run three times or been placed twice. And then you might step up to races for horses that haven't picked up €20,000 this year. And then you get a kilo for every five grand you won. So you can sort of just step up and up and up. And then when you hit a bar, you change discipline. You go chasing.

“What I like is it's a very clear pyramid system here. For example, for chasers, five-year-olds and over, there’s one Grade 1 in the spring and one in the autumn. And so I think that's nice so the Grade 1 winner is essentially, hopefully, the best horse.”

With fewer jumps horses in training in France, there isn’t a need for the quantity of racing that exists in Ireland and Britain, but ensuring the best are taking each other on and that Grade 1s are not pieces of work should always be the target.

“Otherwise, it loses its importance, doesn’t it? We should have that stepping stone system, into a listed race if they’re capable and so on. You should be taking in a handicap on the way up unless, of course, the horse is clearly so super-talented that you don’t need to.”

She has little time for complaints about the dominance of Mullins et al.

“Everyone started somewhere. It should be more, ‘How can I compete with them more or, do as well as them?,’ rather than complaining. It’s easy to say that, of course, when I’m not in there. But you find what works. There are trainers that their business is based on selling one or two horses a year and if the horse goes on and runs well, they’re thrilled. Whereas I’d rather win a Gold Cup! But each to their own. I’d also be thrilled if the horse sold well and it went on to run well.”

Does being so prosperous within a French system remove the ambition of aiming for a Cheltenham Gold Cup, for example? Or would a uniform pattern, or at least something similar, bring travelling to one of the other two countries into focus for French trainers?

“Definitely, and we have gone to England and Ireland a couple of times. Happy to do more and are likely to do more. It's got to be worthwhile, that you think there's nothing more valuable over here. So it probably comes down to prize money, but then at the same time, God, I’d love to win a really good race, even if it was worth less than something over here. But over here, we know where we are, we've got our mark, their horse is going to do well, and it's worth a lot of money.

“I wouldn’t be against running in a nice handicap at Cheltenham either, by the way. It doesn't have to be a Grade 1. But you don’t know the horses you’re taking on, you don’t know the track, the racing style and the money isn’t great. So do I stick to what I know?”

Carberry believes more French-based trainers are looking beyond their borders, however. Current King George VI Chase favourite, Il Est Français (Noel George and Amanda Zetterholm) and Gold Tweet (Gabriel Leenders) made a splash in Britain in 2023. 

“I think it's important for us to show that we're keen and willing and able and capable of running them, but probably things like the season and the programme, a few little tweaks there might help. But that’s not something that’s going to happen overnight.”

Conclusion

This subheading may mislead. We have no definitive answers here. There is plenty of logic though and a few intriguing proposals  – take a bow, Jonathan Garratt with the idea of a European Trainers’ Championship!

Emma Lavelle’s championing of bands of racing for the mid-tier horse, and suggestions around adopting the French method of framing races around prize money, so well-articulated by Louisa Carberry, certainly appears to have a sound basis.

A single rating mechanism seems straightforward. Less so, perhaps, a NH equivalent of the European Pattern Committee that regulates the programme for flat racing, to avoid clashes in different jurisdictions, set conditions and ensure standard control i.e. that low-performing races have their status reduced and those constantly performing have them increased if they are not already Grade 1s.

One British course clerk, speaking off the record, had no doubt about the need for an overhaul of the pattern in some way. Of the circa 140 graded races in the jurisdiction, using three-year parameters, 54 of them are not performing. 

The pattern is supposed to be how we accurately measure achievement and status, with a variety of ways of eventually reaching whatever your ceiling. But if it is diluted and Grade 1s are thrown about like confetti, the entire product and system is devalued. 

Vin Cox, Yulong representative in Australia has discussed it in terms of a similar debate Down Under, about how the black type is the internationally recognised language but that its integrity is compromised by just adding another one “willy-nilly” i.e. without following a set list of criteria. 

Any thriving entity needs cohesion. We shall wait and see.

EMHF Update

Article by Paull Khan

This summer, to coincide with the Italian Derby, Italy’s Ministry of Agriculture (MASAF) and its Institute of Culture organised an event in Rome celebrating the role of the thoroughbred in culture. EMHF Secretary-General, Paull Khan was asked to speak on ‘the role of the thoroughbred in the development of human society.’ The text of his talk is repeated here.

I would like to start by commending MASAF and the Institute of Culture for conceiving of and delivering this event today. Because, in many ways, these are troubled times for our sport globally: the number of thoroughbreds foaled has fallen significantly over recent years, from over 123,000 20 years ago to around 86,000 today; just this year, racing will cease in Singapore, Macau and Greece, and our very social licence to operate – alongside that of other sports and pastimes that make use of animals – is being brought increasingly into question.

So there is no better time to shine a spotlight, for a change, on the enormous benefits that the thoroughbred has brought to human society in the relatively short time since its creation in England in the late-1700’s.  

I could look at the big picture – for example, the overall economic impact of racing (which we have calculated at no less than 21 billion Euros per annum across Europe alone) – but instead, in an attempt to convey the very varied contribution that thoroughbreds can make to society,  and with the ten minutes I have available to me, I am going to take three examples: of thoroughbred racing, first as a symbol of renewal and normalcy after conflict, secondly as a focus for unity and peace and finally as an economic and charitable powerhouse.

For my first example, I look to Libya. You will all remember how Libya descended into turmoil and civil war after Col. Gaddafi’s overthrow in 2011. War was raging in Tripoli as recently as July 2021. However, despite the chaos and conflict that has wracked the country, horseracing has staged a remarkable recovery. Seemingly at the very first races were being organised again. I liken it sometimes to those desert flowers which, after years of inactivity, at the first opportunity, bloom again. Today, there are several tracks that have not only been re-opened, but are being renovated and modernised, and one brand new track is under construction. Government has supported the sport’s funding generously, and racegoers have turned out in high numbers. Despite there being no betting, horseracing is second only to football in terms of attendances, (as in Britain, where I live). I firmly believe the reason for all this is that racing is a symbol of normalcy, and is seen to be by enlightened administrations. The Libyan Horseracing Authority is adopting a particularly socially enlightened approach – it has established the Social Solidarity Cup, which might be the first race meeting in the world designed especially around those with disabilities, special needs and autism spectrum disorders.

Secondly, I turn to Lebanon. Lebanon is a country of great religious diversity - however, for 15 years, from 1975 to 1990, some of you will remember, it was wracked by civil war. A ‘green line’ developed in Beirut, separating the Christian East from the Muslim West. And smack, bang on that green line was the racecourse. Two years into the war, it was decided to re-establish racing. And when they did, at the first race meeting, 12,000 people defied the dangers and went to the races. From then, rather than the racecourse becoming a no-go area, it actually became the only place where, for several years, people from opposite sides of the green line could meet each other, united in their love of the sport of racing. It became a symbol of the hope of national unity and of peaceful Christian/Muslim coexistence. 

There’s a wonderful short film, a German-made film, on Youtube, which describes it very well. It’s called ‘Stories from No Man’s Land’ and I urge you to watch it. At one point, there’s the story of a former fighter who was ordered by his boss, near the start of the war, to plant a bomb in the racecourse buildings. He went to check the place out – ‘do a reccy’. He’d never been racing before, never seen how people react at the finish of a race. And he says: “suddenly everyone got up, Muslims and Christians together, and started waving their arms around, and then sat down”. 

“I was troubled” he says, “all I saw were simple people, Muslims and Christians joined together”. He refused to carry out his mission – no bomb was ever planted on the course.

For several years, racing continued for most of the time. At the President’s request, race meetings took place during the worst of the civil war fighting – when the racing was on, the shooting would subside – only to start again once the spectators had gone home. 

Extraordinarily, there was never any trouble at the racetrack, and the course was even used as the venue for peace talks.

In 1982 the Israeli invasion completely destroyed the stands. But, after the war was over, they were quickly rebuilt in the 90’s and racing started up again – much like in my first example of Libya.

Just because the war was over, it didn’t mean the threats to the racecourse were over.  The civil authorities wanted to capitalise on its prime location – right in the centre of Beirut - and use it for a new presidential palace. But there was a concerted and spirited campaign to save the track, which attracted great public support, I dare say because it had become part of the fabric of society, symbolic of humanity’s better nature. 

And finally, to Hong Kong.

The richest Racing Authority on earth is the Hong Kong Jockey Club. It is a quite remarkable organisation. As you know, Hong Kong is tiny – you could fit five Hong Kongs into Rome. It has only two racecourses. But its Jockey Club employs nearly 20,000 people and is in the top ten charity donors, not only in Hong Kong itself, not only in Asia – but in the world. The Jockey Club is Hong Kong’s biggest taxpayer. 

In round terms, there are 37bn Euros bet with the Hong Kong Jockey Club. They take a little under 15% of that and, of their cut, they then give three-quarters to the state. And that amounts to 3.3bn Euros in tax and nearly a further billion Euros in charitable donations. 

So when it says on its website: “The Hong Kong Jockey Club is a world-class racing club that acts continuously for the betterment of our society”, you might think that’s just marketing speak. But it is not. In the last month alone, for example, they have been able to make these announcements:

Jockey Club donates HK$ 720 million to help low-income families in transitional housing become self-reliant and Jockey Club Expands to five districts the scheme bridging the poverty divide through holistic support for disadvantaged children and families

And what is at the core, at the heart, of this behemoth? It is the thoroughbred. Hong Kong is, I feel, a great example for the world’s Governments. Governments can choose to establish other ways of raising charitable funds through gambling – such as lotteries. And, more broadly, they can elect to put in place a legislative and taxation framework that favours other modes of gaming – roulette, slot machines, etc. But what none of these arid forms of gambling can do is what the thoroughbred does – support an extensive network of related jobs, which, in most jurisdictions around the globe, are primarily in rural areas; boost those rural economies and bring to society generally a point of cohesion, a sense of shared celebration, a recognition of continuing a great historical tradition. So, I say: “Governments: if you support horseracing with a benign legal and financial framework, our sport will repay you, and repay society, many times over”. 

It was Kemal Ataturk, the towering Turkish leader of a century ago - still revered by many in Turkey to this day - who said:

“Horseracing is a social need for modern societies”.

‘A social need for modern societies’….. I believe he was right. 

A BUSY SUMMER FOR THE EMHF

This summer saw a succession of EMHF events. Here is a quick summary.

General Assembly – Copenhagen, Denmark

Our General Assembly took place in Copenhagen in June. For the Federation this was a first – and highly successful – visit to Denmark. In recent years, EMHF annual meetings have evolved into mini conferences, rather than traditional general assemblies and delegates were treated to a wide range of presentations. 

• Horse Racing Ireland CEO, Suzanne Eade, kicked off a discussion on sustainability and what it means for racing authorities by explaining the approach being taken in Ireland, as part of the HRI’s broader strategy. 

• Di Arbuthnot, (Chair of the International Forum for the Aftercare of Racehorses) outlined IFAR’s new membership-based model, under which interested organisations and individuals can show their support for aftercare by becoming a member or a supporter of IFAR and then and Teodor Sheytanov (Secretary-General of the European Equestrian Federation) discussed ways in which the thoroughbred and equestrian world’s could align in aftercare efforts.

• Paull Khan (EMHF Secretary-General) summarised the results of a survey of EMHF members on their experience and awareness of illegal betting, before Brant Dunshea, BHA Chief Regulatory Officer and a member of the Asian Racing Federation’s Council on Anti-Illegal Betting and Related Financial Crime, spelt out the concerning implications of its growth for European racing. 

• Darragh O’Loughlin (CEO of the Irish Horseracing Regulatory Board) gave a case study of collaboration between EMHF members, concerning a range of integrity initiatives.

• The European Pony Racing Association had considered what those in charge of mainstream racing might do, in order that pony racing could best provide the stars of tomorrow. Paull Khan, as EPRA Chair, set out this ‘wish-list’.

• Cathy McGlynn, (EMHF Political Advisor) summarised progress on the EU’s review of its animal welfare legislation and the continuing efforts of the EMHF’s Political & Legislative Committee in seeking to minimise the adverse unintended consequences of what is currently proposed.

• Peter McNeile (Director of EMHF’s Official Ticketing Partner, Future Ticketing) explored recent advances in the ways in which racecourses are making use of customer data.

• Finally, Paull Khan presented the results of the EMHF’s National Racing Survey, which were set out in the last issue of this magazine.

This was the third year of an arrangement whereby commercial organisations, relevant to racing in our region, are invited to join in the General Assembly and its social programme and, at their first attendance, make a short presentation to the delegates. What began with just three companies has expanded to 17 delegates from 12 companies. This year’s presentations - from European Horse Services, Steriline, Berlinger, Turftrax, Weatherbys and Cavago – underlined just how multi-faceted our industry is.

As last year, the General Assembly was followed by the EuroMed Stewards Conference, again organised by the British Horseracing Authority. Brant Dunshea chaired the gathering which, in just two years, has become a highly-valued event among the region’s Stewards and regulators. 

And so it was that around 50 attendees were invited to the following day’s racing action. Klampenborg, on the northern outskirts of the capital, is one of European racing’s success stories. Bucking the general trend, attendances are buoyant and the demographic vibrant. It is perhaps only to be expected that the experience of racing at Denmark’s premier racecourse would be the very embodiment of its concept of hygge. With its architecturally pleasing stands, treed surroundings and proliferation of comfy chairs, it delivered a garden party atmosphere that will live long in the memory.

European Pony Racing Association Annual Meeting – Ascot, England

Following the first two annual meetings, in Budapest and Chantilly, the EPRA Annual Meeting swung into Ascot in July. Britain’s Pony Racing Authority (PRA) kindly hosted us in Ascot’s Berystede Hotel. As well as representatives from several European countries, we also welcomed - in a nod to the Eurovision Song Contest – Australia! Tracey O’Hara gave a fascinating account of how Pony Racing, under Pony Club Australia, which has only been in existence for little over a year, is developing fast. There are lessons to be learnt by all and we are delighted that Australia has become an Associate Member of the EPRA.

The following day allowed our visitors to see how Pony Racing is conducted in Britain, and what better venue than Ascot to showcase this? For the young riders, their experience is wonderful, from their course walk under the tutelage of dual Grand National-winning jockey coach, Carl Llewellyn, to donning real racing silks and mounting their ponies in the storied paddock, to the race itself and, for the winning rider, an interview in the winner’s enclosure, overlooked by the crowds and the towering stands. If they do not remember that for the rest of their lives, it would be a surprise.

Our party was royally looked after and our thanks go out to Howden Group, who generously made available their box, and to stalwart pony racing supporters, Richard and Dawn Prince, who provided the dinner.

​Outgoing PRA Chief Executive, Clarissa Daly was made an Honorary Member of the EPRA - meaning that we will have the pleasure of seeing her at future annual meetings. Speaking of which, next year’s EPRA Meeting will be held at the unique ‘Nationaldagsgaloppen’ racing event that is staged in a park in central Stockholm on Swedish National Day – June 6th – in front of crowds of up to 50,000 people.

​European Beach Racing Association – Loredo, Spain

Loredo and Laredo enjoy many similarities. Aside from just their names, both are resorts on Spain’s Cantabrian coast, (separated by less than 40 kilometers) and both have for many years staged official beach race meetings, featuring the Loredo and Laredo Derbies, respectively.

Since COVID, Laredo has, sadly, been unable to stage a meeting, although the signs are good that a return to action in 2025 may be on the cards. So, it has been left to Loredo to fly the Cantabrian Beach Racing flag. We were thrilled when Loredo offered to host our Seventh Annual Meeting. Grateful thanks are due to Antonio Sarabia, lynchpin of Cantabrian racing, from whom we learnt much about the history of beach racing in the region, and to Loredo Neighbourhood Council and Ribamontan al Mar City Council for their kind hospitality.

Sarabia explained that Beach Racing at Loredo would reach its 70th Anniversary in 2026. Initially it involved farmers with the carts they would also have used to transport their produce. It was in 1975 that races for thoroughbreds were first organised and in 1983 when they became Official races. Today, these races constitute a significant draw for local tourism - in 2019 a record crowd to date of 18,500 attended. Races are confined to Amateur Riders and the meetings are important events in the Gentlemen Riders' calendar.

This year's meeting was not without its challenges. Inclement weather forced organisers to amend the configuration of the track. The two thoroughbred races, of 1,500m/7.5f and 2,000m/1m 2f respectively, were to have been run round one and two bends respectively. However, in the event they were run over a straight course.

In addition, two Pony Races (the first for riders aged 8 to 11, the second for those aged 12 to 16) were run, together with a Pony Racing Challenge Match between two 13-year-old girls, considered stars of the future. Cantabrian Pony Racing has produced significant numbers of amateur and professional jockeys, trainers and owners.

European Parliament ‘Mission’ – Brussels, Belgium

This year being an election year for the European Parliament, 2024’s EMHF ‘Brussels Mission’ took on extra significance. To help maintain racing’s profile and influence in Europe’s corridors of power, we stage an annual visit to its Parliament and Commission to talk to the key decision-makers on the burning issues of the moment. Currently, this means the review of European animal welfare legislation and, most topically within that, welfare in transport. While, in the current proposals for the new legislation, vital exemptions from many of the administrative requirements have thankfully been secured for thoroughbreds travelling to race or for training, there is still much to do to convince the legislators of the need to extend those freedoms for breeding and sales travel. 

All EMHF EU Member Countries are invited to send appropriate delegates to these ‘missions’, which are led by Paull Khan and arranged by the EMHF’s Political Advisor, Cathy McGlynn. 

We were excited to see that, among the rookie MEP’s, is a certain Nina Carberry, the celebrated Irish Grand National-winning jockey – daughter of multiple Irish Champion Jump Jockey, Tommy Carberry and sister-in-law to another great champion, Ruby Walsh - with whom we had a most productive discussion.

Nina Carberry sits on the Transport and Tourism Committee - highly relevant to the current review. Another key Committee for this dossier is that for Agriculture and Rural Development, and we also met with former Irish Agriculture Minister, Barry Cowen, another new MEP.

The Missions allow us not only to meet with new 'movers and shakers', but also to build relations over time and we were delighted to meet up again with former EP First Vice-President, Mairead McGuinness and MEP's Sean Kelly and Billy Kelleher.

The EMHF delegation had a strong Irish flavour this year, with Horse Racing Ireland's Chief Executive Officer, Suzanne Eade, Equine Welfare & Bloodstock Director, John Osborne and Director of Communications & Marketing, Paula Cunniffe making the journey. The team also met with Pat O'Rourke, Advisor to Ciaran Mullooly, MEP and Kevin Foley-Friel, Agricultural Attache with the Irish Permanent Representation to the EU. These national permanent representations are an important group in the next phase of the review’s passage.

Tanguy Courtois, Head of Public Affairs for French racing, represented France and met with Céline Imart (EPP - France), Maria Noichl (S&D - Germany), and Valérie Deloge (Patriots - France), as well as the Permanent Representation of France.

Finally, Paull Khan and Tanguy Courtois joined EMHF Political and Legislative Committee Member and European Horse Network (EHN) Secretary-General, Florence Gras in an EHN planning meeting with MEP Horse Group Chair, Hilda Vautmans, MEP.

All in all, a packed and highly valuable series of meetings. 

Suppressing unwanted hormonal behaviours in training

Article by Kate Dugher

The desire to suppress unwanted behaviour in the horse can present for many different reasons. The behaviours that we are talking about can be anything from poor performance to hyper-excitability, distraction, discomfort on girthing up, not responding to the jockey, bucking, rearing, squealing, kicking or aggression.  

Often it is assumed that overt behaviours are hormonally driven; however, it can be easy to discount many other possible causes of these behaviours, especially those that are related to pain.  A full clinical examination by a veterinarian is always warranted when considering unwanted behaviour in the horse in order to appropriately identify the cause and consider the most appropriate treatment options. 

Common causes of abnormal/unwanted behaviour can include: 

• Musculoskeletal pain (lameness)

• Gastric ulceration

• Dental disease

• Poorly fitting tack

• Stress

• Hormonal influence

• Learnt behaviour 

There are also many reasons for normal and abnormal behaviours that can be associated with the reproductive system. Some of these could be identified as undesirable behaviours when associated with performance. 

The equine reproductive cycle

Horses are seasonal long day breeders and are influenced by daylight length. This means that the majority of mares have inactive ovaries in the winter and do not exhibit oestrus behaviour during this time. In comparison, in the summer months, they exhibit a reproductive cycle that lasts an average of 21 days. They spend, on average, 5-7 days in oestrus, ‘in season’, and 14 days in diestrus, ‘not in season’. 

In the spring and autumn months the mare undergoes a transitional period. During this time, oestrogen concentrations are variable, and oestrus behaviour can be seen irregularly. Whilst stallions are also affected by seasonality, they still exhibit reproductive behaviour all year round. The mare’s reproductive cycle can also be influenced by artificial light and therefore, it is worth considering that performance horses who are exposed to stable lights beyond the normal daylight hours in spring, autumn or winter may cycle for a longer period of the year or even throughout winter. 

Puberty

Timing of puberty in the horse is varied and affected by both genetic and environmental factors. Not only by age but also by time of year in which they were born, body condition and social cues. Puberty in fillies is usually at around 12-19 months compared to colts at around 10-24 months, however, there are wide variations from these reference ranges. 

Normal reproductive behaviour in the mare

Normal oestrus behaviour occurs under high oestrogen and low progesterone influence. Commonly associated behaviours include receptivity to stallions/geldings, vocalisation, increased frequency of urination and presentation of hindquarters in a wide based stance.

Normal diestrus behaviour under a dominant progesterone state includes repulsion to the stallion and can occasionally be associated with aggressive behaviour to other horses. During pregnancy, the mare will also be under a dominant progesterone influence and is unlikely to exhibit oestrus behaviour particularly in the first trimester. Later in gestation a peak in testosterone and oestrogen levels may be associated with changes in behaviour. 

Abnormal reproductive behaviour in the mare

Ovarian pain

Many mares will show an obvious reaction upon rectal palpation of the ovary when close to ovulation, suggesting that the dominant follicle/ovary can sometimes be tender at this time. Comparatively, humans often describe some ovarian pain around the time of ovulation. Therefore, it can be assumed that some mares could also experience discomfort around the time of ovulation. 

Other possible causes of ovarian pain that can occasionally occur in normal cyclicity include ovarian haematomas and haemorrhagic anovulatory follicles. It is also a consideration that external pressure placed onto the lumbar region close to the ovary around the time of ovulation could rarely elicit a painful response in some individuals.  

Vaginal pain

Vaginal pain has occasionally been associated with conditions such as vaginitis and pneumovagina. These conditions describe inflammation and/or air in the vagina. These are most commonly associated with poor perineal conformation and can be evident in some performance mares. 

If vaginal pain is suspected due to poor perineal conformation, then placement of a caslicks vulvoplasty may prove to be beneficial. If concurrent infection or urine pooling is suspected, then further intervention may be required. 

Reproductive tumours 

Reproductive cancer affecting the ovaries is one of the most common causes of cancer in the mare, the most common being the granulosa theca cell tumour (GTCT). These are generally locally invasive and are unlikely to cause any further health problems if the affected ovary is removed. They are often identified with a change in behaviour. On rectal examination a common finding would be to identify one enlarged and one small ovary. 

Depending on which reproductive hormones the tumour secretes is likely to influence the associated behaviour. This can include stallion-like behaviour, aggression, persistent oestrus behaviour or complete absence of reproductive behaviour. The severity of this often depends on the stage at which this condition is identified. Other types of ovarian tumours are less common but depending on if/which hormones are secreted will dictate which hormonal behaviours are associated. It is suspected that occasionally there could be ovarian pain associated with some of these cases particularly when the ovary is very large in size. 

Reproduction related treatment options

Mares

To have the most successful outcome in controlling reproductive hormonal behaviour in the mare, it is important to understand whether the unwanted behaviour is being exhibited all year round or just in the summer months and whether it is related to a particular stage of the oestrus cycle. 

Whilst it is commonly assumed that most behaviour problems are associated with the mare being in season, occasionally some mares can show unwanted aggressive behaviour under the influence of progesterone – when they are not in season. 

Furthermore, it can be tricky to interpret this when trying to link hormonal behaviours to performance based unwanted behaviours and these signs can often be very individual. Keeping records of behaviour versus stage of the reproductive cycle can help to try and decipher whether reproductive hormones are likely to be playing a part in the unwanted behaviour. However, this does require careful monitoring and, most likely, multiple reproductive ultrasound examinations. 

The other consideration is that unwanted behaviours are related to reproductive pain or abnormal hormone production due to pathological conditions of the reproductive tract as previously described. 

Ways to mimic the diestrus state and suppress oestrogen related behaviour

Progesterone/Progestins 

Progesterone is the dominant hormone produced by mares in diestrus. There are a multitude of systemic progestin (progesterone-like medications) available for use in horses in injectable and oral formulations. 

Altrenogest is a synthetic progestin commonly used to suppress oestrus behaviour by acting as a progesterone agonist. This means that the horse is likely to exhibit normal diestrus behaviour for that individual whilst it is being administered. Altrenogest is molecularly very similar to the anabolic steroids trendione and trenbolone. Occasionally the product may contain trace levels of these anabolic steroids. Therefore, its use for horses in training is to be taken with extreme caution and withdrawal times adhered to. It is banned for use in racing thoroughbreds in some countries. 

There is also evidence to show that altrenogest can exhibit a reduced stress response and sedative-like effects in some horses, particularly mares. This effect may be beneficial in anxious individuals in training circumstances. However, arguably, dependent on the individual, a reduced stress response could have either a positive or negative effect on performance. 

Injectable progesterone applications have been used in racing thoroughbreds with appropriate clearance times before racing. These are often available in oil-based preparations which are commonly associated with injection site reactions and therefore, many trainers would avoid administering these within 3 days of racing. 

Upon cessation of progesterone supplementation, many mares will present with oestrus signs 2-7 days after treatment, as this mimics normal luteolysis at the end of the diestrus phase. Therefore, the timing of administration and cessation of progesterone/progestin treatments is a crucial consideration when being used for the prevention of oestrus behaviour.

Intra-uterine devices (IUDs)

IUDs have been historically utilised to mimic early pregnancy in the mare with varying success. These require an ovulation to act upon to extend the life of the corpus luteum by blocking the hormonal release that normally brings them back into season. Therefore, they are only useful once the mare is already cycling. 

Glass marbles have been the most used IUD historically; however, these are no longer recommended due to multiple evidenced side effects including risk of glass fragmentation in the uterus. The use of PMMA spheres or magnetic devices such as the iUPOD would be a preferable and safer alternative if an IUD was going to be used.

Interestingly, in the author’s experience speaking with clinicians who have administered these devices, there is surprisingly positive client satisfaction despite the inconsistent and variable evidence of the success of these devices in the literature. 

Oxytocin

Administration of the hormone, oxytocin, at specific time points when the mare is in diestrus can extend diestrus by up to 60-90 days. This technique is evidenced by multiple studies. For optimal success, reproductive ultrasound would be used to identify ovulation and carefully plan the timing of injectable administration. 

However, some studies have also evidenced successful extension of the diestrus phase without known timing of ovulation. The major downside of this technique is the need for administration of multiple injections/multiple reproductive examinations to time ovulation. 

Immunological approach

Gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) is a hormone produced by the brain that is responsible for stimulating follicle growth in the ovaries and activation of a hormonal cascade to bring the mare into oestrus. 

GnRH vaccinations generate an immune response against GnRH, suppressing the hormonal cascade and ovarian activity and therefore, oestrus behaviour. An equine licensed product has previously been available in Australia. However, this is no longer in production. We have the option of a swine formulation, Improvac®, which has commonly been used in equids off licence. 

Major drawbacks for the use of this are common adverse injection site reactions, risk of anaphylaxis and concern over extended length of ovarian suppression. Therefore, this option would not be recommended in mares with a future breeding potential. 

Surgical approach

Ovariectomy is a treatment option for hormonal behaviour in mares. The ovary is the only supply of progesterone in the horse but is not the only supply of oestrogen. 

Ovariectomy has been associated with good client satisfaction in many cases to resolve unwanted hormonal behaviour. However, in some mares, whilst removal of the ovaries would prevent cyclicity, it can occasionally result in persistent oestrus behaviour in the absence of progesterone produced by the ovaries. This is also a permanent option that will remove breeding potential.

The techniques discussed so far are not exhaustive and there are many other methods that have been used to affect cyclicity or hormonal behaviour including pregnancy, induction of diestrus ovulation, GnRH analogue medication and infusion of intrauterine medical grade plant oils. 

Colts/stallions

There are a few medicated options for hormonal manipulation in males. Progestagen administration e.g. oral altrenogest administration can quieten stallion like behaviour in males but is banned for use in racing and training. 

Immunisation with off licence GnRH vaccines such as Improvac®, suppresses pituitary-gonadal hormone production aiming to cause a ‘chemical castration.’ However, results can be variable, particularly in mature stallions. As mentioned previously with mares, the downside of these vaccines are injection site reactions, risk of anaphylaxis and risk of prolonged sterility in future breeding animals.

Occasionally nutritional supplements have been used with effect in stallions such as L-tryptophan, a precursor of the neurotransmitter serotonin. This has induced calm and fatigue-like behaviour in a number of species. 

Synthetic preparations of calming pheromones based on an equine appeasing pheromone produced in perimammary gland secretions of lactating females have also been used with such success. Of course, the use of these to calm behaviour vs the desire to generate an athletic performance animal is a consideration and results are likely to have wide individual variation.

GVQ-EQ business of racing update

Article by David Sykes

How is technology being used to ensure that the social licence to operate horse racing is maintained?

Social licence is a poignant topic previously covered within the magazine where we have looked at its meaning and why it is so important. 

In this issue, David Sykes, the founding Partner of specialist management consultancy GVS EQ, takes a look at the power of technology on social licence and practical steps trainers can take with the help of these technologies. 

Social licence is not something that is going to go away and so as an industry, using the modern tools available could prove to be a ground-breaking shift in measuring equine wellbeing and welfare.

So, what are we doing differently to maintain our Social Licence to Operate (SLO) in horseracing?

SLO is based on trust, transparency and an engagement with stakeholders (and non-stakeholders) and is essential for maintaining a positive relationship with the community involved in the horseracing industry and those who are onlookers from afar.

There is not a racing industry in the world that is able to act with full autonomy, including from its jurisdiction’s Government, and nor should there be. Part of the challenge, highlighted at the recent Asian Racing Conference, is that, rightly or wrongly, political decision-makers are legislators increasingly acting in relation to community sentiment, rather than evidence. This makes matters around the sport’s social licence all the more important.

This article leaves aside the direction of travel with regard to betting regulation, and focuses on matters more directly in the sport’s control, and its responsibility to its key participants.

The social licence to operate in horse racing is affected by animal welfare concerns, the public perceptions of the sport, how horses are treated, transparency and accountability of the horseracing industry.

And so how are we going about addressing concerns, perceptions, transparency and accountability?

Well, lots of different things but increasingly we are using technology to help us. Technology, increasingly including Artificial Intelligence (AI), is being used to gather the facts that help tell our story: how well our horses are treated and looked after, to address the concerns that would endanger our SLO.

Technology gives us the real time numbers, the data that supports better research and tells the story to help maintain racing’s social licence and monitor our horses’ wellbeing.

How do you measure happy?

There are lots of steps to assessing horse wellbeing. Historically this has often been subjective. Examples are “he looks happy” and “he’s moving well.” But we know we need to assess those traits in a measurable and repeatable way. Having repeatable objective assessments of wellbeing allows researchers to develop benchmarks against which we can measure how well our horses are doing. 

Your horse cannot tell you when they have a fever and sore throat which then turns into a cough and nasal discharge 24 hours later. They cannot tell you about the sensitive tendon the day before the lameness appears and they cannot tell us when they are lonely or bored.

But various technological advances can forewarn us. 

Much technology (like the smartphone apps) is widely available to horse enthusiasts and will give you a “leg up” to monitoring the health and wellbeing of your horse.

Additionally, these benchmarks provide feedback that allows for early intervention, prevention of poor outcomes, education and even regulation where wellbeing is assessed as less than optimal, and of course celebration when it is all going well and the result being a better life for your horse.

How can we systematically recognise and measure these behaviours that equate to wellbeing?

This is where these new technologies come into the picture.

Technology helps us by recording various physiological parameters and tracking metabolic status, then looking at this massive amount of data, rapidly analysing the complex information and quickly providing feedback to us. 

Here are some examples of current technologies that can help provide objective measures that, as proxy measures, assess welfare and therefore perhaps serve as early indicators of welfare change.

If we can reliably tell a story using these facts – “my horse is performing well because his well-being is high – you can see it here” – then our social licence to operate is better protected.

Here are some advances

Continuous remote body temperature monitoring & temperature variation warning systems

Early and rapid recognition of temperature variations in horses in training is an excellent wellbeing management tool.

Measuring a horse’s temperature once or twice a day is common in many well organised equestrian facilities. It allows for the early detection of a potential disease or health problems. It is an indicator of wellbeing (or disease). Quarantine stables internationally record temperatures twice daily to monitor for infectious diseases. 

Recent research suggests that horses who are strenuously exercised whilst having an elevated temperature or virus infection may develop heart rhythm abnormalities later in their careers. 

Temperature Monitoring systems not only allow for individual horses to be automatically identified, and temperatures recorded and measured accurately after only 15 seconds but for any variation of more than 0.2 degrees from the running average trigger an alarm. This allows the trainer and staff to make an immediate decision on training, or exercise and put in place protocols within the stable process to assess if this is a minor change or if there is a medical reason for the temperature difference. By having the whole stable recording temperatures many infectious diseases such as respiratory viruses can be monitored and preventative quarantine measures put in place immediately.

There are also temperature recording systems that are associated with implanted Bio Thermal microchips. These chips continuously record body temperatures which are transmitted and evaluated automatically.

Automatic Appetite Monitoring Systems

Technology is now available that automatically records the amount of food not ingested by a horse for each feed. Notification alerts for food left are configurable by the trainer or owner. This feed left data is cross referenced with the temperature data to help figure out and understand any cause for periods of inappetence. 

Behaviour and Sleep monitoring and pattern analysis systems

Current research is only now beginning to allow us to understand and recognise the needs of our horses when stabled for lengthy periods. Technology has allowed data to be amassed and analysed on sleep patterns and REM sleep. Horses lie down for an average of only 4 hours every day. When they are lying down, they experience REM sleep for about half of that time. REM sleep is as important in the wellbeing of horses as it is for humans. The research from this analysis has shown that stable size and design has a significant impact on the willingness and safety that a horse feels in lying down. Stables need to be large enough for horses to lie down to get their REM sleep. 

As they are flight animals, they are more secure and relaxed when they can see surrounding areas when they lie down. Soft deep bedding is important but also the ability to see their neighbours and surroundings is a safety point. Stables built with high solid walls do not meet this social wellbeing requirement, however new stable designs with bars, grills and open areas between adjacent stalls allow for visualisation, direct contact, opportunities to socialise, better ventilation and less stressed healthier horses.

Gait analysis systems

Over the last two years there has been considerable investment into gait analysing software programs to aid veterinarians, trainers and owners. This technology allows the monitoring of gaits of horses consistently and repeatedly. There are several examples of this technology ranging from handheld smart phone recordings to sensors attached to saddle cloths that can record and transmit information instantaneously during exercise.

Gait asymmetry analysis

A gait asymmetry analysis program using AI and a smartphone allows veterinarians and trainers to record and have analysed a repeatable trot up video of their horse. It is non-invasive, builds a history bank of gait symmetry and movement and allows for the recognition of changes in the symmetry of a horse’s gait. It describes exactly “how this horse goes” today, and yesterday and the day before. It analyses phases of steps on each leg analysing push off and landing. 

Gait changes can be a proxy measure for pain or discomfort and recorded changes over time can aid owners, trainers and veterinarians to build a picture to inform diagnoses and response to treatments. Recognition of a sudden and significant gait change can allow time for changes in planned training loads and patterns to avoid potentially serious injuries occurring. 

Racing stride analysis

This technology allows sensors to analyse the gait of a horse under race conditions to help identify musculoskeletal injuries and /or gait changes that may lead to a significant injury. Reports supplied to trainers and can identify a horse at an increased risk of a significant musculoskeletal injury.

A 100 gram GPS and accelerometer in a saddle cloth is the sensor used and attached before racing or fast work. Data is collected when the horse is galloping at racing speeds. Sensors collect data at 7200 times per second. The data shows that each horse has a unique way of moving at high speed much like a “fingerprint” and it is a change in this fingerprint that is used in a predictive model for injury or unsoundness diagnosis. It is a proactive management program to prevent training and racing catastrophic injuries through early detection.

Race condition speeds, heart rate and ECG and motion analysis

Other compact sensors are capable of live data transmission. Fitting inconspicuously into the riding tack and tracking GPS location, training speeds, Heart Rate, ECG tracing and locomotion analysis during training. They can assess cardiac variability with workloads such as maximum heart rate and rhythm during exercise and recovering heart rates post exercise. They also can be used for the detection of early signs of lameness. Training sessions can be shared worldwide through live tracking.

Gait symmetry apps provide an opportunity to follow a horse’s gait. Gait change is often the earliest indication of current disease or injury (pain and lameness) and combined with veterinary supporting diagnostic techniques can be useful in assisting the prediction or even prevention of future harm.

Advanced Imaging technologies

Computerised Tomography (CT) Imaging 

New imaging technologies and equipment have led to the development of CT scanning techniques that are more suitable for horses. Previously horses had to be anaesthetised to have this imaging. The latest development of standing CT scanning systems has revolutionised the speed and safety of acquiring images of horse’s limbs whilst they are standing and sedated. 

The complete process takes around 20 minutes from start to finish with the actual scanning activity taking less than 30 seconds. The upside is that this technology allows for superior images and more sensitive details of skeletal structural changes than was previously available.

The images from CT show more lesions than radiographs because of the increased image clarity. The research from this new technology indicates that the skeletal changes seen occur as a response to training workloads. Current research suggests that the horse’s skeletal system is remodelling under training loads to become more resilient, however during this process there are periods of time whilst remodelling occurs, that the horse is at a higher risk of a small lesion developing into a major injury. The early identification and recognition of these small lesions allows for a change in the training workload or a period of rest to allow the bone to catch up, remodel and protect itself from becoming a more serious injury. 

This is an example of how technology from human medicine has been refined for horses and allows for the earlier detection of what might become a serious injury and allows changes in training patterns and workloads that might help prevent it. 

PET imaging or Positron Emission Technology 

This is like CT scanning; however, it gives a dynamic imaging of injury in distal limbs rather than a static view. This nuclear medicine technology involves the injection of a small dose of radioisotope which is taken up by the bone in areas where there is increased active remodelling occurring. These remodelling areas are an indication of the bone attempting to cope with the stress of training and protect itself from further injury. Because of the nuclear medicine this imaging allows for an interpretation of the severity of a lesion depending on the uptake of the isotope. 

“Hot lesions” take up more radioactive isotopes and therefore the scan reflects the relative acuteness of the lesion being viewed. Potentially repeat PET scanning allows for accurate interpretation of when lesions are healing and a horse can return to full activity safely. Like CT, PET, allows for the early identification of changes that the horses’ bones are undergoing, assess the severity of them and modify the training regimens and workloads as a preventative measure, potentially avoiding severe injury.

These are just a few examples of the rapidly developing potent tools for health monitoring that may provide a ground-breaking shift in your horses’ healthcare. Hand in hand with good horseman skills and observations, technology and AI are allowing the collection and interpretation of information that can be used to understand and measure equine wellbeing and welfare. This information when collated becomes a benchmark for the industry and allows for transparency, accountability, overcomes poor perception and allows the industry to maintain its Social Licence.

TopSpec Trainer of the Quarter - Noel Kelly

Article by Lissa Oliver

When six-year-old gelding Size Five landed the recent Join Racing TV Now Handicap Hurdle, a Go North Brindisi Breeze Series Qualifier at Perth, Scotland, he also landed his County Derry-based trainer Noel Kelly with our TopSpec Trainer of the Quarter award. It may not have appeared to be a significant win, but Size Five was returning from an injury that had kept him off the track since 26th December 2022, a break of 640 days.

It was a major gamble in more ways than one for Kelly, as the gelding had been well backed by punters and romped home by 20 lengths under amateur jockey Oran McGill. Despite earnings of just £105 from four previous starts and rated 92, Size Five  had been working well at home and Kelly had been confident with his first runner in Britain since December, at his lucky track Perth.

The Northern Ireland trainer said on the day, "He does nothing but stay, he just keeps galloping. He's not had much mileage but he shows a wee bit of class at home. I had seven others out and he would gallop all over them.”

Kelly’s base in Draperstown is perfectly positioned to access all of Ireland’s racecourses and allow for British raids. His first winner was Mighty Whitey in 2010 and the predominantly National Hunt stable has gone from strength to strength since then. 

Speaking of Size Five, Kelly tells us, “He’s a gorgeous big horse, 16.2, but last year he was still a bit weak and he needed time. He’s a lot of horse. We were gentle with him at four, but at five he had a wee bit of tendon trouble, not that big, but he did a bit of damage so we limited him to three or four months of just road work.”

Perth wasn’t a specific plan, but as Kelly says, “We knew we had him ready to come back and he had to run somewhere. We didn’t have a lot of summer racing options here in Ireland and some of the tracks were too tight for him and the ground was too firm. So we just waited for the rain to come and sent him over. I walked the track and we chanced him on it and it worked out well.”

Kelly doesn’t yet know if Size Five will be qualified for the Final of the series, having now gone up in the weights 17Ib, which also presents difficulties in planning the gelding’s next race, although he has come out of the Perth race sound and has been working well back at home. 

“He won very easily, but there wasn’t a lot of depth in the race and it’s a bit unfortunate the handicapper has put him up such a high mark, when what did he beat?” But Kelly remains full of praise for the imposing gelding and will be giving him plenty of time and patience to fill his frame, with the promise of more to come.